We report ammonium metavanadate catalyzed one-pot synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrano[3,2-c]chromenes, from aldehydes, active methylene compounds malononitrile and 4-hydroxycoumarin in water:ethanol(1:1) under reflux. The attractive features of this process are mild reaction conditions, short reaction times, easy isolation of products, and excellent yields.

A convenient, highly efficient and time economic method has been described for the chemo- and regioselective synthesis of 5-aryloyl-1,3,7,9-tetraalkyl-2,8-dithioxo-2,3,8,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrano[2,3-d:6,5-dˊ]dipyrimidine-4,6(5H,7H)-diones derivatives by one-pot two-component reaction of 1,3-diethyl-2-thiobarbituric acid or 1,3-dimethyl-2-thiobarbituric acid with substituted arylglyoxalmonohydrates using commercially available zirconium (IV) oxydichloride octahydrate (ZrOCl2.8H2O) as green Lewis acid catalyst. This method is associated with some attractive characteristics such as good selectivity, very short reaction time, high yield of products, cleaner reaction profile, no harmful by-product, cheap and environmental benign catalyst, simple experimental and work-up procedure. This procedure does not require solvent separation and purification steps such as column chromatography.

This paper summarizes the reaction of DABCO with the enol tosylate derivatives made from (L-Ser-L-Ser) and (L-Phe-L-Ser) diketopiperazines (DKP’s). The reaction between DABCO and EE-di-tosylate (L-Ser-L-Ser) DKP (2), results in the isomerization of the serine di-tosylate from EE-2 to ZZ-2. This is the first direct example of the utility of DABCO as a reagent demonstrating the successful isomerization in a DKP derivative. The E-enol tosylate of (L-Phe-L-Ser) DKP (4) upon reaction with DABCO provided a unique bis-ylidiene product (5).

A four-component reaction of phenylhydrazines, ethyl acetoacetate, aldehydes and β-naphthol has been achieved in the presence of FeCl3/SiO2 nanoparticles as a highly effective heterogeneous catalyst to produce 2-aryl-5-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-3-pyrazolones in good to excellent yields, short reaction times, mild reaction conditions and the employment of a cost-effective catalyst.

Pirochromite (MgCr2O4) nanoparticles were successfully prepared in this study. During synthesis of the pirochromite nanoparticles, a sol-gel was prepared by using magnesium acetate and potassium dichromate as magnesium and chromium sources and by using stearic acid as the network. Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used for the elemental analysis, and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) were used in order to identify, provide a fuzzy diagnosis, and determine the size and morphology of the particles, as well as to analyze the optical and magnetic properties of the particles. The particle size of MgCr2O4 nanoparticles was observed to fall within a range of 39 nm–71 nm.

The utilization of bis(isonicotinic acid)phthalocyaninatocobalt (II) [CoPc(isa)2] incorporated on TiO2 has been studied as a photocatalyst to degrade benzene vapor under fluorescent lamp (indoor light) conditions. The photocatalytic activity of [CoPc(isa)2]-TiO2 compared to TiO2 showed an increase in the extent of degradation. The axial isonicotinic acid ligand attached to CoPc improved the degradation rate of benzene as compared with unligated CoPc-TiO2 which may be attributed to the enhancement of electronic structure in the complex due to the additional isonicotinic acid ligand and its possible attachment to the TiO2 surface through the carboxylic acid moiety. Therefore, covalently-linked CoPc(isa)2 to TiO2 can enhance the extent of photodegradation of benzene and other common volatile organic compounds under indoor lighting conditions.

A simple, efficient and general method for the synthesis of 4H-pyrans is established through a multi component cyclocondensation of aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile and ethyl acetoacetate or acetyl acetone using snail shell as a natural catalyst. In this method the snail shell was used as green and reusable natural catalyst. Excellent yields, short reaction times and availability of the catalyst are the advantages of this method.

A series of semicarbazones, thiosemicarbazones, 1,3,4-oxadiazoles/thiadiazoles bearing pyrazole scaffold were designed and synthesized. All the synthesized new compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS and elemental analysis. The synthesized compounds were screened to probe their in vitro antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi species. The structure-activity relationship of the synthesized compounds was studied. The compounds displayed good to excellent potency against tested microorganisms. The in vitro antioxidant activities of the 1,3,4-oxadiazoles/thiadiazoles were evaluated by DPPH, hydroxyl and nitric oxide radical scavenging assay. Among the tested compounds, compound with chloro substitution showed good antioxidant potential.

Preliminary experiments shows, that [3+2] cycloadditions reactions proceeds with full regioselectivity and high stereoselectivity. In consequence, 3,4-trans-2-methyl-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-4-halo-4-nitroisoxazolidines are forming as predominantly (or sole) products. Additionally, prognosis for the synthesized compounds to be potential ingredients of drugs is good.

A simple, efficient protocol for one pot synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes from primary alcohols is investigated with N-bromosuccinimde as a catalyst under ultrasound irradiation. Alcohols can be converted into carbonyl compounds by removal of hydrogen in presence of N-bromosuccinimde as an oxidant and can react in situ with indole to give desired bis(indolyl)methanes. In the reported one pot multicomponent condensation reaction N-bromosuccinimde promotes the oxidation of alcohol to aldehyde, facilitating the subsequent condensation with indole to afford bis(indolyl) methanes in good to excellent yields. The inexpensiveness and easy handling are some of important feature of N-bromosuccinimde. The by-product N-succinimide can be easily recovered and recycled to N-bromosuccinimide.