How to cite this paper
APA: Moyo, J., Mbuyisa, E & Chari, F. (2025). Economic resilience and sustainable agripreneurship in tobacco value chains: A case of small-scale farmers in Gokwe district, Zimbabwe. Journal of Future Sustainability, 5(1), 23-30.
Chicago/Turabian: Moyo, J., Mbuyisa, E & Chari, F. 2025. "Economic resilience and sustainable agripreneurship in tobacco value chains: A case of small-scale farmers in Gokwe district, Zimbabwe." Journal of Future Sustainability 5, no. 1 (2025): 23-30.
AMA: Moyo, J., Mbuyisa, E & Chari, F. Economic resilience and sustainable agripreneurship in tobacco value chains: A case of small-scale farmers in Gokwe district, Zimbabwe. Journal of Future Sustainability. 2025;5(1):23-30.
References
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Dube, L., & Mugwagwa, K. E. (2017). The Impact of Contract Farming on Smallholder Tobacco Farmers’ Household Incomes: A Case Study of Makoni District, Manicaland Province, Zimbabwe. Scholars Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, 4(2), 79-85.
Dunaway, S., Odin, R., Zhou, L., Ji, L., Zhang, Y., & Kadekaro, A. L. (2018). Natural antioxidants: Multiple mecha-nisms to protect skin from solar radiation. Frontiers in pharmacology, 392.
Fang, J., De Souza, L., Smith, J., & Lee, K. (2020). All weather friends”: how China transformed Zimbabwe’s tobacco sector. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(3), 723.
Goel, S., Kar, S. S., Verma, M., Sivanantham, P., Naik, B. N., & Gupta, D. (2021). Evidence on article 5.3 of FCTC (to-bacco industry interference in tobacco control activities) in India-a qualitative scoping study. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1-17.
Hu, S., Laxman, K., & Lee, K. (2020). Exploring factors affecting academics’ adoption of emerging mobile technolo-gies-an extended UTAUT perspective. Education and Information Technologies, 25, 4615-4635.
Johnston, R. B. (2016). Arsenic and the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development. Arsen Res Glob Sustain-Proc 6th Int Congr Arsen Environ AS, 2016, 12-4.
Kangogo, D., Dentoni, D., & Bijman, J. (2020). Determinants of farm resilience to climate change: The role of farmer entrepreneurship and value chain collaborations. Sustainability, 12(3), 868.
Krejcie R.V., & Morgan D.W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities, Educational and Psychological measurement, 1970/30/607-610
Li, C. (2012). The political mapping of China's tobacco industry and anti-smoking campaign. John L. Thornton China Center at Brookings.
Lown, E. A., McDaniel, P. A., & Malone, R. E. (2016). Tobacco is “our industry and we must support it”: Exploring the potential implications of Zimbabwe’s accession to the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Globalization and health, 12(1), 1-11.
Marshall, N. A., Park, S., Howden, S. M., Dowd, A. B., & Jakku, E. S. (2013). Climate change awareness is associated with enhanced adaptive capacity. Agricultural Systems, 117, 30-34.
Masunungure E, (2021) Tobacco and value addition | Celebrating Being Zimbabwean (thepatriot.co.zw)
Maxwell, D., & Wiebe, K. D. (1998). Land tenure and food security: A review of concepts, evidence, and methods. Land Tenure Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Mkodzongi, G., & Lawrence, P. (2019). The fast-track land reform and agrarian change in Zimbabwe. Review of Afri-can Political Economy, 46(159), 1-13.
Moyo, S., & Chambati, W. (2013). Introduction: roots of the fast track land reform in Zimbabwe. Moyo & Chambati, 1-27
Mukebezi, R., Obaa, B. B., Kyazze, F. B., Mukasa, S. B., & Tamubula, I. B. (2023). Socio-psychological factors influ-encing farmers’ willingness to continue participating in collaborative activities of community-based innovation plat-forms in eastern Uganda. African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, 15(2), 227-235.
Muroiwa, J., Mushunje, A., & Musitini, T. (2019). The Institutional and Socio-Economic Constraints to Smallholder Tobacco Production and Marketing in Mount Darwin District of Zimbabwe: The Value Chain Approach. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 10, 85-101.
Mwimo, L., Mbowe, W., Kombe, C., Kibesse, B., Mziya, M., Kazi, M., ... & Ndunguru, E. (2016). Contract Farming Schemes in Tanzania: Benefits and Challenges. Bank of Tanzania.
Nguyen, T. P. L., Seddaiu, G., Virdis, S. G. P., Tidore, C., Pasqui, M., & Roggero, P. P. (2016). Perceiving to learn or learning to perceive? Understanding farmers' perceptions and adaptation to climate uncertainties. Agricultural Sys-tems, 143, 205-216.
Omara, H., Odongo, W., & Kule, E. K. (2021). Adoption of environmentally friendly agricultural technologies among smallholder farmers: The case of rocket barn technology in flue‐cured tobacco curing in Uganda. Land Degradation & Development, 32(2), 965-974.
O'Reilly, P., & Kassim, A. I. (2015). Growing forward: the potential of horticulture in the agriculture, rural and food policy adjustments of AEC member states. In Proceedings of the Regional Symposium on Sustaining Small-Scale Vegetable Production and Marketing Systems for Food and Nutrition Security (SEAVEG2014), 25-27 February 2014, Bangkok, Thailand (pp. 420-431). AVRDC-The World Vegetable Center.
Pavlopoulou, Y. (2021). Methodologies of stakeholders’ engagement in circular collaborative ecosystems.
Prabhavathi, Y., Kishore, N. K., Siddayya, & Ramachandra, C. T. (2023). An Analytical Study on Managerial Compe-tencies and Business Performance of Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs): A Value Chain Perspective from In-dia. Millennial Asia, 09763996231200180.
Production, F. A. O. S. T. A. T., & Statistics, T. (2018). Available online: http://www. fao. org/faostat/en/# da-ta. QC/visualize (accessed on 9 October 2020).
Rao, D. P., Coelli, T. J., & Alauddin, M. (2005). Agricultural productivity growth, employment and poverty in develop-ing countries, 1970-2000. Geneva: International Labour Office.
Scoones, I., Mavedzenge, B., Murimbarimba, F., & Sukume, C. (2018). Tobacco, contract farming, and agrarian change in Zimbabwe. Journal of Agrarian Change, 18(1), 22-42.
Scoones, I., Shonhe, T., Chitapi, T., Maguranyanga, C., & Mutimbanyoka, S. (2020). Agricultural Commercialisation in Northern Zimbabwe: Crises, Conjunctures and Contingencies, 1890-2020.
Siddiqi, K., Elsey, H., Khokhar, M. A., Marshall, A., Pokhrel, S., Arora, M., & Fong, G. (2023). FCTC 2030-a pro-gramme to accelerate the implementation of WHO framework convention for tobacco control in Low-and middle-income countries: a mixed-methods evaluation. Nicotine & tobacco research.
Smith, J., DeSouza, L., & Fang, J. (2020). Eastern Africa’s tobacco value chain: Links with China. Third World Quar-terly, 41(7), 1161-1180.
Willemsen, M. C., & Fooks, G. (2019). Tobacco industry access to policy elites and the implementation of article 5.3 of the who framework convention on tobacco control. Tobacco Control.
World Health Organization. (2012). 2012 Global progress report on implementation of the WHO Framework Conven-tion on Tobacco Control.
Bialous S. A. (2019)., Impact of implementation of the WHO FCTC on the tobacco industry’s behaviour. Tobacco con-trol.
Chingosho, R., Dare, C., & van Walbeek, C. (2020). Tobacco farming and current debt status among smallholder farm-ers in Manicaland province in Zimbabwe. Tobacco Control.
Chung-Hall, J., Craig, L., Gravely, S., Sansone, N., & Fong, G. T. (2018). Impact of the WHO FCTC over the first dec-ade: a global evidence review prepared for the Impact Assessment Expert Group. Tobacco control.
Data, F. F. A. (2020). Available online: http://www. fao. org/faostat/en/# data. QC (accessed on 26 March 2021)
Dube, L., & Guveya, E. (2013). Land tenure security and farm investments amongst small scale commercial farmers in Zimbabwe. Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa, 15(5), 107-121.
Dube, L., & Mugwagwa, K. E. (2017). The Impact of Contract Farming on Smallholder Tobacco Farmers’ Household Incomes: A Case Study of Makoni District, Manicaland Province, Zimbabwe. Scholars Journal of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, 4(2), 79-85.
Dunaway, S., Odin, R., Zhou, L., Ji, L., Zhang, Y., & Kadekaro, A. L. (2018). Natural antioxidants: Multiple mecha-nisms to protect skin from solar radiation. Frontiers in pharmacology, 392.
Fang, J., De Souza, L., Smith, J., & Lee, K. (2020). All weather friends”: how China transformed Zimbabwe’s tobacco sector. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(3), 723.
Goel, S., Kar, S. S., Verma, M., Sivanantham, P., Naik, B. N., & Gupta, D. (2021). Evidence on article 5.3 of FCTC (to-bacco industry interference in tobacco control activities) in India-a qualitative scoping study. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1-17.
Hu, S., Laxman, K., & Lee, K. (2020). Exploring factors affecting academics’ adoption of emerging mobile technolo-gies-an extended UTAUT perspective. Education and Information Technologies, 25, 4615-4635.
Johnston, R. B. (2016). Arsenic and the 2030 Agenda for sustainable development. Arsen Res Glob Sustain-Proc 6th Int Congr Arsen Environ AS, 2016, 12-4.
Kangogo, D., Dentoni, D., & Bijman, J. (2020). Determinants of farm resilience to climate change: The role of farmer entrepreneurship and value chain collaborations. Sustainability, 12(3), 868.
Krejcie R.V., & Morgan D.W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities, Educational and Psychological measurement, 1970/30/607-610
Li, C. (2012). The political mapping of China's tobacco industry and anti-smoking campaign. John L. Thornton China Center at Brookings.
Lown, E. A., McDaniel, P. A., & Malone, R. E. (2016). Tobacco is “our industry and we must support it”: Exploring the potential implications of Zimbabwe’s accession to the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Globalization and health, 12(1), 1-11.
Marshall, N. A., Park, S., Howden, S. M., Dowd, A. B., & Jakku, E. S. (2013). Climate change awareness is associated with enhanced adaptive capacity. Agricultural Systems, 117, 30-34.
Masunungure E, (2021) Tobacco and value addition | Celebrating Being Zimbabwean (thepatriot.co.zw)
Maxwell, D., & Wiebe, K. D. (1998). Land tenure and food security: A review of concepts, evidence, and methods. Land Tenure Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Mkodzongi, G., & Lawrence, P. (2019). The fast-track land reform and agrarian change in Zimbabwe. Review of Afri-can Political Economy, 46(159), 1-13.
Moyo, S., & Chambati, W. (2013). Introduction: roots of the fast track land reform in Zimbabwe. Moyo & Chambati, 1-27
Mukebezi, R., Obaa, B. B., Kyazze, F. B., Mukasa, S. B., & Tamubula, I. B. (2023). Socio-psychological factors influ-encing farmers’ willingness to continue participating in collaborative activities of community-based innovation plat-forms in eastern Uganda. African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, 15(2), 227-235.
Muroiwa, J., Mushunje, A., & Musitini, T. (2019). The Institutional and Socio-Economic Constraints to Smallholder Tobacco Production and Marketing in Mount Darwin District of Zimbabwe: The Value Chain Approach. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 10, 85-101.
Mwimo, L., Mbowe, W., Kombe, C., Kibesse, B., Mziya, M., Kazi, M., ... & Ndunguru, E. (2016). Contract Farming Schemes in Tanzania: Benefits and Challenges. Bank of Tanzania.
Nguyen, T. P. L., Seddaiu, G., Virdis, S. G. P., Tidore, C., Pasqui, M., & Roggero, P. P. (2016). Perceiving to learn or learning to perceive? Understanding farmers' perceptions and adaptation to climate uncertainties. Agricultural Sys-tems, 143, 205-216.
Omara, H., Odongo, W., & Kule, E. K. (2021). Adoption of environmentally friendly agricultural technologies among smallholder farmers: The case of rocket barn technology in flue‐cured tobacco curing in Uganda. Land Degradation & Development, 32(2), 965-974.
O'Reilly, P., & Kassim, A. I. (2015). Growing forward: the potential of horticulture in the agriculture, rural and food policy adjustments of AEC member states. In Proceedings of the Regional Symposium on Sustaining Small-Scale Vegetable Production and Marketing Systems for Food and Nutrition Security (SEAVEG2014), 25-27 February 2014, Bangkok, Thailand (pp. 420-431). AVRDC-The World Vegetable Center.
Pavlopoulou, Y. (2021). Methodologies of stakeholders’ engagement in circular collaborative ecosystems.
Prabhavathi, Y., Kishore, N. K., Siddayya, & Ramachandra, C. T. (2023). An Analytical Study on Managerial Compe-tencies and Business Performance of Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs): A Value Chain Perspective from In-dia. Millennial Asia, 09763996231200180.
Production, F. A. O. S. T. A. T., & Statistics, T. (2018). Available online: http://www. fao. org/faostat/en/# da-ta. QC/visualize (accessed on 9 October 2020).
Rao, D. P., Coelli, T. J., & Alauddin, M. (2005). Agricultural productivity growth, employment and poverty in develop-ing countries, 1970-2000. Geneva: International Labour Office.
Scoones, I., Mavedzenge, B., Murimbarimba, F., & Sukume, C. (2018). Tobacco, contract farming, and agrarian change in Zimbabwe. Journal of Agrarian Change, 18(1), 22-42.
Scoones, I., Shonhe, T., Chitapi, T., Maguranyanga, C., & Mutimbanyoka, S. (2020). Agricultural Commercialisation in Northern Zimbabwe: Crises, Conjunctures and Contingencies, 1890-2020.
Siddiqi, K., Elsey, H., Khokhar, M. A., Marshall, A., Pokhrel, S., Arora, M., & Fong, G. (2023). FCTC 2030-a pro-gramme to accelerate the implementation of WHO framework convention for tobacco control in Low-and middle-income countries: a mixed-methods evaluation. Nicotine & tobacco research.
Smith, J., DeSouza, L., & Fang, J. (2020). Eastern Africa’s tobacco value chain: Links with China. Third World Quar-terly, 41(7), 1161-1180.
Willemsen, M. C., & Fooks, G. (2019). Tobacco industry access to policy elites and the implementation of article 5.3 of the who framework convention on tobacco control. Tobacco Control.
World Health Organization. (2012). 2012 Global progress report on implementation of the WHO Framework Conven-tion on Tobacco Control.