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How to cite this paper
APA: Zhang, K., Li, X & Bai, Y. (2026). When green meets economic: Blockchain adoption, channel conflict, and sustainable remanufacturing strategies. International Journal of Industrial Engineering Computations, 17(2), 785-804.
Chicago/Turabian: Zhang, K., Li, X & Bai, Y. 2026. "When green meets economic: Blockchain adoption, channel conflict, and sustainable remanufacturing strategies." International Journal of Industrial Engineering Computations 17, no. 2 (2026): 785-804.
AMA: Zhang, K., Li, X & Bai, Y. When green meets economic: Blockchain adoption, channel conflict, and sustainable remanufacturing strategies. International Journal of Industrial Engineering Computations. 2026;17(2):785-804.
References
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Choi, T.-M. (2019). Blockchain-technology-supported platforms for diamond authentication and certification in luxury supply chains. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 128, 17–29. doi: 10.1016/j.tre.2019.05.011
Duan, H., & Lin, W. (2024). Can brand extension suppress low-quality competing products encroaching? Central European Journal of Operations Research. doi: 10.1007/s10100-024-00937-w
Duong, C. D., Nguyen, T. H., Ngo, T. V. N., Bui, T. Van, & Tran, N. M. (2025). Perceived blockchain-related information transparency and organic food purchase intention: an extension of the theory of planned behaviour with the moderation role of blockchain-based trust. British Food Journal, 127(3), 1131–1152. doi: 10.1108/BFJ-06-2024-0610
Hou, P., Zhang, C., & Li, Y. (2024). The interplay of manufacturer encroachment and blockchain adoption to combat counterfeits in a platform supply chain. International Journal of Production Research, 62(4), 1382–1398. doi: 10.1080/00207543.2023.2192294
Hu, H., Cao, Y., Yi, D., & Li, Q. (2023). How to Distribute Green Products in Competition with Brown Products? Direct Selling versus Agent Selling? Sustainability, 15(14), 10961. doi: 10.3390/su151410961
Huang, C., Du, S., & Tang, W. (2025). Rethinking green technology interventions: Strategic motivations under uncertain regulations. European Journal of Operational Research. doi: 10.1016/j.ejor.2025.08.014
Huang, H., Meng, Q., Xu, H., & Zhou, Y. (2019). Cost information sharing under competition in remanufacturing. International Journal of Production Research, 57(21), 6579–6592. doi: 10.1080/00207543.2019.1567952
Li, W., Jin, M., & Galbreth, M. R. (2024). Should original equipment manufacturers authorize third-party remanufacturers? European Journal of Operational Research, 314(3), 1013–1028. doi: 10.1016/j.ejor.2023.11.007
Li, X., Jiang, B., & Bai, Y. (2025). Manufacturers’ decision making on emission reduction based on blockchain technology-analysis under the government’s carbon cap-and-trade policy. Journal of Cleaner Production, 499, 145224. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.145224
Li, X., Jiang, B., & Zhou, Q. (2025). Strategic carbon reduction in competitive new and remanufactured product supply chains: impact of carbon quotas and consumer low carbon sensitivity. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy. doi: 10.1007/s10098-025-03239-0
Liao, H., Deng, Q., & Shen, N. (2019). Optimal remanufacture-up-to strategy with uncertainties in acquisition quality, quantity, and market demand. Journal of Cleaner Production, 206, 987–1003. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.09.167
Lin, X., Zhu, Y., Lin, Z., Li, W., & Lin, Q. (2025). Retailer information sharing with green manufacturer encroachment in a hybrid supply chain. International Transactions in Operational Research, 32(6), 3801–3847. doi: 10.1111/itor.13438
Liu, C., Wang, D., & Luo, X. (2025). Optimization of new and remanufactured products in market segments via improved league championship approach. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 207, 111263. doi: 10.1016/j.cie.2025.111263
Liu, S. S., Ma, B. J., Cheng, E., & Jackson, I. (2025). Blockchain Adoption in Competing Retail Channels. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 72, 3735–3748. doi: 10.1109/TEM.2025.3599233
Liu, S. S., Ma, B. J., Zhang, W., Cheng, E. T. C., Li, X., & Ng, C.-T. (2025). Eliminating information asymmetry in supply chains: Blockchain-driven or not. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 201, 104208. doi: 10.1016/j.tre.2025.104208
Lu, Y. (2019). The blockchain: State-of-the-art and research challenges. Journal of Industrial Information Integration, 15, 80–90. doi: 10.1016/j.jii.2019.04.002
Shi, P., & Bai, Y. (2025). Introducing Blockchain? Or not? Remanufacturing supply chain decisions that consider environmental taxes and upstream encroachment. Journal of Cleaner Production, 493, 144821. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.144821
Sun, X., Rajapakshe, T., & Oliva, R. (2025). Interplay Between Servicizing and Remanufacturing: Economic and Environmental Implications. Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, 27(1), 114–126. doi: 10.1287/msom.2022.0379
Wan, X., Chen, J., & Li, W. (2023). The impact of retail pricing leadership under manufacturer encroachment. European Journal of Operational Research, 310(1), 217–237. doi: 10.1016/j.ejor.2023.03.005
Wang, N., Zhang, L. L., Sethi, S. P., & Hong, Z. (2025). Production and coopetition strategies in remanufacturing involving knowledge spillovers. International Journal of Production Research, 63(19), 6961–6981. doi: 10.1080/00207543.2025.2490979
Wu, Q., & Li, X. (2025a). Manufacturer encroachment in refurbished product supply chains under enhanced service levels: A game-theoretic analysis of partial and full encroachment. International Journal of Industrial Engineering Computations, 16(4), 1101–1122. doi: 10.5267/j.ijiec.2025.6.012
Wu, R., & Li, M. (2025). The impact of blockchain on carbon reduction in remanufacturing supply chains within the carbon trading market: A chaos and bifurcation analysis. Nonlinear Dynamics, 113(15), 20329–20362. doi: 10.1007/s11071-025-11183-3
Wu, S., Cao, J., & Shao, Q. (2024). How to select remanufacturing mode: end-of-life or used product? Environment, Development and Sustainability, 27(6), 14175–14195. doi: 10.1007/s10668-024-04515-7
Xia, L., Wang, L., Xiao, R., Wang, J., & Hou, P. (2025). Blockchain and pricing strategies in supply chains considering consumer traceability preference and power structure. International Journal of Production Research, 1–20. doi: 10.1080/00207543.2025.2545433
Xiao, L., Zhang, S.-L., Chen, J.-X., & Chin, K.-S. (2023). Information-sharing strategy and manufacturer encroachment under advertising investment in gray markets. INFOR: Information Systems and Operational Research, 61(2), 256–285. doi: 10.1080/03155986.2023.2176685
Xu, X., Chen, J., Liu, S., Yu, Y., & Cheng, T. C. E. (2025). Should a manufacturer adopt blockchain when its competitor discloses blockchain-enabled product quality information? International Journal of Production Research, 63(14), 5217–5237. doi: 10.1080/00207543.2025.2484340
Yan, W., Xiong, Y., Xiong, Z., & Guo, N. (2015). Bricks vs. clicks: Which is better for marketing remanufactured products? European Journal of Operational Research, 242(2), 434–444. doi: 10.1016/j.ejor.2014.10.023
Yan, Y., Hou, F., & Zhang, H. (2024). Demand forecast information sharing with manufacturer encroachment. RAIRO - Operations Research, 58(3), 2421–2443. doi: 10.1051/ro/2024075
Yang, J., Fang, J., & Su, J. (2024). Manufacturer encroachment in the presence of the store-brand. Kybernetes, 53(6), 2046–2068. doi: 10.1108/K-07-2022-0947
Yang, J., Li, K. W., & Huang, J. (2023). Manufacturer encroachment with a new product under network externalities. International Journal of Production Economics, 263, 108954. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2023.108954
Yao, Y., Liu, T., & Tian, G. (2025). Improve the sustainability of supply chain: the role of carbon abatement and blockchain technology. RAIRO - Operations Research, 59(1), 115–148. doi: 10.1051/ro/2024211
Zhan, H., Du, X., Fu, H., & He, X. (2025). Innovation and pricing competition with absorptive capacity. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 204, 104370. doi: 10.1016/j.tre.2025.104370
Zhang, Y., Hong, Z., Chen, Z., & Glock, C. H. (2020). Tax or subsidy? Design and selection of regulatory policies for remanufacturing. European Journal of Operational Research, 287(3), 885–900. doi: 10.1016/j.ejor.2020.05.023
Zhao, X., & Jiang, Y. (2025). Strategic decision-making of OEMs in the context of green remanufacturing: the influence of green innovation capability and consumer preference. Environment, Development and Sustainability. doi: 10.1007/s10668-025-06487-8
Zhong, B., Zhong, W., Wu, H., Guan, Q., Tang, B., & Sepasgozar, S. (2025). Strategic Impacts of Blockchain Adoption on Contractor Decisions in Competitive Construction Markets: A Game-Theoretic Approach. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 151(12). doi: 10.1061/JCEMD4.COENG-16787
Zhou, J., Xu, H., Deng, Q., Ma, Y., & Luo, Q. (2024). Two-stage optimal acquisition and remanufacturing decisions with demand and quality information updating. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 192, 103823. doi: 10.1016/j.tre.2024.103823
Zhou, W., Yang, H., & Yang, F. (2025). Confront with manufacturer encroachment: The impact of big data techniques on product design enhancement. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 73, 101530. doi: 10.1016/j.elerap.2025.101530
Zhou, Y., Xiong, Y., & Jin, M. (2021). Less is more: Consumer education in a closed-loop supply chain with remanufacturing. Omega, 101, 102259. doi: 10.1016/j.omega.2020.102259
Choi, T.-M. (2019). Blockchain-technology-supported platforms for diamond authentication and certification in luxury supply chains. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 128, 17–29. doi: 10.1016/j.tre.2019.05.011
Duan, H., & Lin, W. (2024). Can brand extension suppress low-quality competing products encroaching? Central European Journal of Operations Research. doi: 10.1007/s10100-024-00937-w
Duong, C. D., Nguyen, T. H., Ngo, T. V. N., Bui, T. Van, & Tran, N. M. (2025). Perceived blockchain-related information transparency and organic food purchase intention: an extension of the theory of planned behaviour with the moderation role of blockchain-based trust. British Food Journal, 127(3), 1131–1152. doi: 10.1108/BFJ-06-2024-0610
Hou, P., Zhang, C., & Li, Y. (2024). The interplay of manufacturer encroachment and blockchain adoption to combat counterfeits in a platform supply chain. International Journal of Production Research, 62(4), 1382–1398. doi: 10.1080/00207543.2023.2192294
Hu, H., Cao, Y., Yi, D., & Li, Q. (2023). How to Distribute Green Products in Competition with Brown Products? Direct Selling versus Agent Selling? Sustainability, 15(14), 10961. doi: 10.3390/su151410961
Huang, C., Du, S., & Tang, W. (2025). Rethinking green technology interventions: Strategic motivations under uncertain regulations. European Journal of Operational Research. doi: 10.1016/j.ejor.2025.08.014
Huang, H., Meng, Q., Xu, H., & Zhou, Y. (2019). Cost information sharing under competition in remanufacturing. International Journal of Production Research, 57(21), 6579–6592. doi: 10.1080/00207543.2019.1567952
Li, W., Jin, M., & Galbreth, M. R. (2024). Should original equipment manufacturers authorize third-party remanufacturers? European Journal of Operational Research, 314(3), 1013–1028. doi: 10.1016/j.ejor.2023.11.007
Li, X., Jiang, B., & Bai, Y. (2025). Manufacturers’ decision making on emission reduction based on blockchain technology-analysis under the government’s carbon cap-and-trade policy. Journal of Cleaner Production, 499, 145224. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.145224
Li, X., Jiang, B., & Zhou, Q. (2025). Strategic carbon reduction in competitive new and remanufactured product supply chains: impact of carbon quotas and consumer low carbon sensitivity. Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy. doi: 10.1007/s10098-025-03239-0
Liao, H., Deng, Q., & Shen, N. (2019). Optimal remanufacture-up-to strategy with uncertainties in acquisition quality, quantity, and market demand. Journal of Cleaner Production, 206, 987–1003. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.09.167
Lin, X., Zhu, Y., Lin, Z., Li, W., & Lin, Q. (2025). Retailer information sharing with green manufacturer encroachment in a hybrid supply chain. International Transactions in Operational Research, 32(6), 3801–3847. doi: 10.1111/itor.13438
Liu, C., Wang, D., & Luo, X. (2025). Optimization of new and remanufactured products in market segments via improved league championship approach. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 207, 111263. doi: 10.1016/j.cie.2025.111263
Liu, S. S., Ma, B. J., Cheng, E., & Jackson, I. (2025). Blockchain Adoption in Competing Retail Channels. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 72, 3735–3748. doi: 10.1109/TEM.2025.3599233
Liu, S. S., Ma, B. J., Zhang, W., Cheng, E. T. C., Li, X., & Ng, C.-T. (2025). Eliminating information asymmetry in supply chains: Blockchain-driven or not. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 201, 104208. doi: 10.1016/j.tre.2025.104208
Lu, Y. (2019). The blockchain: State-of-the-art and research challenges. Journal of Industrial Information Integration, 15, 80–90. doi: 10.1016/j.jii.2019.04.002
Shi, P., & Bai, Y. (2025). Introducing Blockchain? Or not? Remanufacturing supply chain decisions that consider environmental taxes and upstream encroachment. Journal of Cleaner Production, 493, 144821. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.144821
Sun, X., Rajapakshe, T., & Oliva, R. (2025). Interplay Between Servicizing and Remanufacturing: Economic and Environmental Implications. Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, 27(1), 114–126. doi: 10.1287/msom.2022.0379
Wan, X., Chen, J., & Li, W. (2023). The impact of retail pricing leadership under manufacturer encroachment. European Journal of Operational Research, 310(1), 217–237. doi: 10.1016/j.ejor.2023.03.005
Wang, N., Zhang, L. L., Sethi, S. P., & Hong, Z. (2025). Production and coopetition strategies in remanufacturing involving knowledge spillovers. International Journal of Production Research, 63(19), 6961–6981. doi: 10.1080/00207543.2025.2490979
Wu, Q., & Li, X. (2025a). Manufacturer encroachment in refurbished product supply chains under enhanced service levels: A game-theoretic analysis of partial and full encroachment. International Journal of Industrial Engineering Computations, 16(4), 1101–1122. doi: 10.5267/j.ijiec.2025.6.012
Wu, R., & Li, M. (2025). The impact of blockchain on carbon reduction in remanufacturing supply chains within the carbon trading market: A chaos and bifurcation analysis. Nonlinear Dynamics, 113(15), 20329–20362. doi: 10.1007/s11071-025-11183-3
Wu, S., Cao, J., & Shao, Q. (2024). How to select remanufacturing mode: end-of-life or used product? Environment, Development and Sustainability, 27(6), 14175–14195. doi: 10.1007/s10668-024-04515-7
Xia, L., Wang, L., Xiao, R., Wang, J., & Hou, P. (2025). Blockchain and pricing strategies in supply chains considering consumer traceability preference and power structure. International Journal of Production Research, 1–20. doi: 10.1080/00207543.2025.2545433
Xiao, L., Zhang, S.-L., Chen, J.-X., & Chin, K.-S. (2023). Information-sharing strategy and manufacturer encroachment under advertising investment in gray markets. INFOR: Information Systems and Operational Research, 61(2), 256–285. doi: 10.1080/03155986.2023.2176685
Xu, X., Chen, J., Liu, S., Yu, Y., & Cheng, T. C. E. (2025). Should a manufacturer adopt blockchain when its competitor discloses blockchain-enabled product quality information? International Journal of Production Research, 63(14), 5217–5237. doi: 10.1080/00207543.2025.2484340
Yan, W., Xiong, Y., Xiong, Z., & Guo, N. (2015). Bricks vs. clicks: Which is better for marketing remanufactured products? European Journal of Operational Research, 242(2), 434–444. doi: 10.1016/j.ejor.2014.10.023
Yan, Y., Hou, F., & Zhang, H. (2024). Demand forecast information sharing with manufacturer encroachment. RAIRO - Operations Research, 58(3), 2421–2443. doi: 10.1051/ro/2024075
Yang, J., Fang, J., & Su, J. (2024). Manufacturer encroachment in the presence of the store-brand. Kybernetes, 53(6), 2046–2068. doi: 10.1108/K-07-2022-0947
Yang, J., Li, K. W., & Huang, J. (2023). Manufacturer encroachment with a new product under network externalities. International Journal of Production Economics, 263, 108954. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2023.108954
Yao, Y., Liu, T., & Tian, G. (2025). Improve the sustainability of supply chain: the role of carbon abatement and blockchain technology. RAIRO - Operations Research, 59(1), 115–148. doi: 10.1051/ro/2024211
Zhan, H., Du, X., Fu, H., & He, X. (2025). Innovation and pricing competition with absorptive capacity. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 204, 104370. doi: 10.1016/j.tre.2025.104370
Zhang, Y., Hong, Z., Chen, Z., & Glock, C. H. (2020). Tax or subsidy? Design and selection of regulatory policies for remanufacturing. European Journal of Operational Research, 287(3), 885–900. doi: 10.1016/j.ejor.2020.05.023
Zhao, X., & Jiang, Y. (2025). Strategic decision-making of OEMs in the context of green remanufacturing: the influence of green innovation capability and consumer preference. Environment, Development and Sustainability. doi: 10.1007/s10668-025-06487-8
Zhong, B., Zhong, W., Wu, H., Guan, Q., Tang, B., & Sepasgozar, S. (2025). Strategic Impacts of Blockchain Adoption on Contractor Decisions in Competitive Construction Markets: A Game-Theoretic Approach. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 151(12). doi: 10.1061/JCEMD4.COENG-16787
Zhou, J., Xu, H., Deng, Q., Ma, Y., & Luo, Q. (2024). Two-stage optimal acquisition and remanufacturing decisions with demand and quality information updating. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 192, 103823. doi: 10.1016/j.tre.2024.103823
Zhou, W., Yang, H., & Yang, F. (2025). Confront with manufacturer encroachment: The impact of big data techniques on product design enhancement. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 73, 101530. doi: 10.1016/j.elerap.2025.101530
Zhou, Y., Xiong, Y., & Jin, M. (2021). Less is more: Consumer education in a closed-loop supply chain with remanufacturing. Omega, 101, 102259. doi: 10.1016/j.omega.2020.102259