How to cite this paper
Chan, T., Chew, J., Shariffadeen, T., Liew, T., Foo, S & Tian, Y. (2024). Cyberloafing activities and social media addiction among netizens: A predictive approach.International Journal of Data and Network Science, 8(3), 1853-1862.
Refrences
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Akgun, F. (2020). Investigation of high school students’ cyberloafing behaviors in classes. Education and Science, 45(201), 79-108. http,//10.15390/EB.2019.8419
Akinwande, M. O., Dikko, H. G., & Samson, A. (2015). Variance inflation factor, As a condition for the inclusion of suppres-sor variable(s) in regression analysis. Open Journal of Statistics, 5(7), 754-767. https,//doi.org/10.4236/ojs.2015.57075
Andreassen, C. S., Billieux, J., Griffiths, M. D., Kuss, D. J., Demetrovics, Z., Mazzoni, E., & Pallesen, S. (2016). The relation-ship between addictive use of social media and video games and symptoms of psychiatric disorders, A large-scale cross-sectional study. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 30(2), 252-262. http,//dx.doi.org/10.1037/adb0000160
Apuke, O. D. (2017). Quantitative Research Methods a Synopsis Approach. Kuwait Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 6(11), 40-47. http,//dx.doi.org/10.12816/0040336
Arabaci, I. B. (2017). Investigation faculty of education students' cyberloafing behaviors in terms of various variables. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 16(1), 72-82.
Azizi, S. M., Soroush, A. & Khatony, A. (2019). The relationship between social networking addiction and academic perfor-mance in Iranian students of medical sciences, A cross- sectional study. BMC Psychology, 7(28), 1-8. https,//doi.org/10.1186/s40359-019-0305-0
Baglari, H., Sharma, M. K., Marimuthu, P. & Suma, N. (2020). Pattern of social media use among youth, Implication for so-cial media literacy. Mental health Addiction Resource, 5, 1-5. http,//10.15761/MHAR.1000189
Balakrishnan, J. & Griffiths, M. D. (2017). Social media addiction, What is the role of content in YouTube? Journal of Behav-ioral Addictions, 6(3), 364-377. http,//10.1556/2006.6.2017.058
Bashir, I., Malik, A. & Mahamood, K. (2021). Social media use and information sharing behaviour of university students. In-ternational Federation of Library Associations and Institutions, 47(4), 1-12. https,//doi.org/10.1177/0340035221991564
Byrne, B. M. (2016). Structural equation modeling with AMOS, Basic concepts, applications, and programming. New York, Routledge.
Campbell, S., Greenwood, M., Prior, S., Shearer, T., Walkmen, K., Young, S., Bywaters, D. & Walker, K. (2020). Purposive sampling, complex or simple? Research case examples. Journal of Research in Nursing, 25(8), 652-661. doi, 10.1177/1744987120927206
Cao, X., Gong, M., Yu, L. & Dai, B. (2020). Exploring the mechanism of social media addiction, An empirical study from WeChat users. Internet Research, 30(4), 1305-1328. http,//10.1108/intr-08-2019-0347
Chan, T. J., Han, J., Roslan, S. N., & Wok, S. (2022). Predictions of Netflix binge-watching behaviour among university stu-dents during movement control order. Journal of Communication, Language and Culture, 2(2), 1–17. https,//doi.org/10.33093/jclc.2022.2.2.1
Chen, M., & Xiao, X. (2022). The effect of social media on the development of students’ affective variables. Frontiers of Psy-chology, 13, 1010766. doi, 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1010766
Cheng, C., Ebrahimi, O. V. & Luk, J. W. (2021). Heterogeneity of prevalence of social media addiction across multiple classi-fication schemes, Latent profile analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 24(1), e27000. doi, 10.2196/27000.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.). Routledge. https,//doi.org/10.4324/9780203771587
Connexus Recruit (n. d.). 65% of Employees use the Internet During Work for Non-Work Purposes. Retrieved from https,//www.connexusrecruit.com/blog/featured/65-of-employees-use-the-internet-during-work-for-non-work-purposes/
Coskun, T. K. & Gokcearslan, S. (2019). Examination of cyberloafing studies in education, A content analysis. World Journal on Educational Technology, Current Issues, 11(1), 94-103.
Dursun, O. O., Donmez, O. & Akbulut, Y. (2018). Predictors of cyberloafing among preservice information technology teach-ers. Contemporary Educational Technology, 9(1), 22-41.
Ellisa, H. P., Fakhri, M., & Pradana, M. (2022). The moderating effect of social media use in impulsive buying of personal protective equipments during the COVID-19 pandemic, Cogent Social Sciences, 8(1), DOI, 10.1080/23311886.2022.2062094
Etikan, I., Musa, S. A. & Alkassim, R. S. (2015). Comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1), 1-4. http,//10.11648/j.ajtas.20160501.11
Famemass (2021). Latest Social Media Addiction Statistics of 2021. https,//famemass.com/social-media-addiction-statistics/
Gokdas, I. & Kuzucu, Y. (2019). Social network addiction scale, The validity and reliability study of adolescent and adult form. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education, 6(3), 396-414. https,//dx.doi.org/10.21449/ijate.505863
Gürbüz, F., Bayraklı, M., & Gezgin, D. M. (2023). The effect of cyberloafing behaviors on smartphone addiction in university students, The mediating role of fear of missing out. Journal of Educational Technology and Online Learning, 6(1), 234-248. DOI, 10.31681/jetol.1089882
Haand, R. & Shuwang, Z. (2020). The relationship between social media addiction and depression, A quantitative study among university students in Khost, Afghanistan. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 25(1), 780-786. https,//doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2020.1741407
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Model-ing (PLS-SEM). Newbury Park, CA, SAGE Publications, Incorporated
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based struc-tural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115-135. doi, https,//doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sinkovics, R. R. (2009). The use of partial least squares path modelling in international market-ing. Advances in International Marketing, 20, 277-319. doi,10.1108/S1474-7979(2009)0000020014
Judita, H. (2021). Self-control and social media addiction (Facebook), A quantitative analysis. Munich Personal RePEc Archive. https,//mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/108483/1/MPRA_paper_108483.pdf
Kan, M. P. H., & Fabrigar, L. R. (2017). Theory of Planned Behavior. In, Zeigler-Hill, V., Shackelford, T. (eds) Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences. Springer, Cham. https,//doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_1191-1
Karami, L., Khodabandelou, R., Ehsani, M. & Ahmad, M. (2014). Applying the uses and gratifications theory to compare higher education students’ motivation for using social networking sites, Experiences from Iran, Malaysia, United Kingdom, and South Africa. Contemporary Education Technology, 5(1), 53-72.
Knight, R. M. (2017). Academic cyberloafing, A study of perceptual and behavioural differences on in-class cyberloafing among undergraduate students. https,//thescholarship.ecu.edu/bitstream/handle/10342/6133/KNIGHT-MASTERSTHESIS-2016.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Koay, K. Y. (2018). Workplace ostracism and cyberloafing, A moderated–mediation model. Internet Research, 28(4), 1122-1141. https,//doi.org/10.1108/IntR-07-2017-0268
Limvarakul, N. (2017). Uses and gratification associated with social media addiction among working adults in Bangkok. The Graduate School of Bangkok University. http,//dspace.bu.ac.th/bitstream/123456789/2868/1/napaphat.lim.pdf
Mashal, H. M. (2020). A review of cyberloafing predictors in literature. Sustainable Business and Society in Emerging Econo-mies, 2(1), 21-27. https,//doi.org/10.26710/sbsee.v2i1.1196.
Miah, M. R., Hossain, A., Shikder, R., Saha, T., Neger, M. (2022). Evaluating the impact of social media on online shopping behavior during COVID-19 pandemic, A Bangladeshi consumers’ perspectives. Heliyon, 8(9), e10600. https,//doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10600
Moghavvemi, S., Jaafar, N. I., Sulaiman, A. & Kasem, N. (2017). Facebook and YouTube addiction, The usage pattern of Ma-laysian students. International Conference on Research and Innovation in Information Systems. http,//10.1109/ICRIIS.2017.8002516
Moningkey, R. & Franksiska, R. (2020). The influence of social media addiction to employees’ performance with cyberloafing as intervening variable. International Journal of Social Science and Business, 4(2), 251-258.
Nasidi, Q. Y., Ahmad, M. F., Abdulkadir, J. & Garba, M. (2022). Analysing the mediating effect of social media on online shopping using Partial Least Square. Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies, 12(2), 1-9. https,//doi.org/10.30935/ojcmt/11907
Orta, I. M. & Saygili, D. D. (2021). Cyberloafing behaviours among university students, Their relationships with positive and negative affect. Current Psychology, 1-14. doi, 10.1007/s12144-021-02374-3.
Pagoto, S., Waring, M. E., & Xu, R. (2019). A call for a public health agenda for social media research. Journal of Medical In-ternet Research, 21(12), e16661. https,//doi.org/10.2196/16661
Petrosyan, A. (2023, May 22). Worldwide digital population 2023. Retrieved from https,//www.statista.com/statistics/617136/digital-population-worldwide/
Razali, N. A., Ghani, F. A. & Akmar, M. M. R. (2019). Study on personal internet use and cyberloafing activities in workplace. Social and Behavioral Sciences. http,//dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.12.05.97
Rehman, A., Hussain, S. & Khattak, J. K. (2019). Impact of smartphone usage on work neglect with mediating role of cyber-loafing and moderating role of work engagement. NUML International Journal of Business & Management, 14(2), 1-18.
Salleh, S. M., Hussin, S. N., Mohammed, N. H., Hamzah, S. F. M., Yusof, H. S. M. & Ali, N. M. (2020). Social media addic-tion among students at Public University. Jurnal Intelek, 15(1), 48-53. http,//10.24191/ji.v15i1.266
Sharif, S. P., She, L., Yeoh, K. K. & Naghavi, N. (2021). Heavy social networking and online compulsive buying, The mediat-ing role of financial social comparison and materialism. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 30(2), 213-225. http,//10.1080/10696679.2021.1909425.
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Akgun, F. (2020). Investigation of high school students’ cyberloafing behaviors in classes. Education and Science, 45(201), 79-108. http,//10.15390/EB.2019.8419
Akinwande, M. O., Dikko, H. G., & Samson, A. (2015). Variance inflation factor, As a condition for the inclusion of suppres-sor variable(s) in regression analysis. Open Journal of Statistics, 5(7), 754-767. https,//doi.org/10.4236/ojs.2015.57075
Andreassen, C. S., Billieux, J., Griffiths, M. D., Kuss, D. J., Demetrovics, Z., Mazzoni, E., & Pallesen, S. (2016). The relation-ship between addictive use of social media and video games and symptoms of psychiatric disorders, A large-scale cross-sectional study. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 30(2), 252-262. http,//dx.doi.org/10.1037/adb0000160
Apuke, O. D. (2017). Quantitative Research Methods a Synopsis Approach. Kuwait Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 6(11), 40-47. http,//dx.doi.org/10.12816/0040336
Arabaci, I. B. (2017). Investigation faculty of education students' cyberloafing behaviors in terms of various variables. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 16(1), 72-82.
Azizi, S. M., Soroush, A. & Khatony, A. (2019). The relationship between social networking addiction and academic perfor-mance in Iranian students of medical sciences, A cross- sectional study. BMC Psychology, 7(28), 1-8. https,//doi.org/10.1186/s40359-019-0305-0
Baglari, H., Sharma, M. K., Marimuthu, P. & Suma, N. (2020). Pattern of social media use among youth, Implication for so-cial media literacy. Mental health Addiction Resource, 5, 1-5. http,//10.15761/MHAR.1000189
Balakrishnan, J. & Griffiths, M. D. (2017). Social media addiction, What is the role of content in YouTube? Journal of Behav-ioral Addictions, 6(3), 364-377. http,//10.1556/2006.6.2017.058
Bashir, I., Malik, A. & Mahamood, K. (2021). Social media use and information sharing behaviour of university students. In-ternational Federation of Library Associations and Institutions, 47(4), 1-12. https,//doi.org/10.1177/0340035221991564
Byrne, B. M. (2016). Structural equation modeling with AMOS, Basic concepts, applications, and programming. New York, Routledge.
Campbell, S., Greenwood, M., Prior, S., Shearer, T., Walkmen, K., Young, S., Bywaters, D. & Walker, K. (2020). Purposive sampling, complex or simple? Research case examples. Journal of Research in Nursing, 25(8), 652-661. doi, 10.1177/1744987120927206
Cao, X., Gong, M., Yu, L. & Dai, B. (2020). Exploring the mechanism of social media addiction, An empirical study from WeChat users. Internet Research, 30(4), 1305-1328. http,//10.1108/intr-08-2019-0347
Chan, T. J., Han, J., Roslan, S. N., & Wok, S. (2022). Predictions of Netflix binge-watching behaviour among university stu-dents during movement control order. Journal of Communication, Language and Culture, 2(2), 1–17. https,//doi.org/10.33093/jclc.2022.2.2.1
Chen, M., & Xiao, X. (2022). The effect of social media on the development of students’ affective variables. Frontiers of Psy-chology, 13, 1010766. doi, 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1010766
Cheng, C., Ebrahimi, O. V. & Luk, J. W. (2021). Heterogeneity of prevalence of social media addiction across multiple classi-fication schemes, Latent profile analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 24(1), e27000. doi, 10.2196/27000.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.). Routledge. https,//doi.org/10.4324/9780203771587
Connexus Recruit (n. d.). 65% of Employees use the Internet During Work for Non-Work Purposes. Retrieved from https,//www.connexusrecruit.com/blog/featured/65-of-employees-use-the-internet-during-work-for-non-work-purposes/
Coskun, T. K. & Gokcearslan, S. (2019). Examination of cyberloafing studies in education, A content analysis. World Journal on Educational Technology, Current Issues, 11(1), 94-103.
Dursun, O. O., Donmez, O. & Akbulut, Y. (2018). Predictors of cyberloafing among preservice information technology teach-ers. Contemporary Educational Technology, 9(1), 22-41.
Ellisa, H. P., Fakhri, M., & Pradana, M. (2022). The moderating effect of social media use in impulsive buying of personal protective equipments during the COVID-19 pandemic, Cogent Social Sciences, 8(1), DOI, 10.1080/23311886.2022.2062094
Etikan, I., Musa, S. A. & Alkassim, R. S. (2015). Comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1), 1-4. http,//10.11648/j.ajtas.20160501.11
Famemass (2021). Latest Social Media Addiction Statistics of 2021. https,//famemass.com/social-media-addiction-statistics/
Gokdas, I. & Kuzucu, Y. (2019). Social network addiction scale, The validity and reliability study of adolescent and adult form. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education, 6(3), 396-414. https,//dx.doi.org/10.21449/ijate.505863
Gürbüz, F., Bayraklı, M., & Gezgin, D. M. (2023). The effect of cyberloafing behaviors on smartphone addiction in university students, The mediating role of fear of missing out. Journal of Educational Technology and Online Learning, 6(1), 234-248. DOI, 10.31681/jetol.1089882
Haand, R. & Shuwang, Z. (2020). The relationship between social media addiction and depression, A quantitative study among university students in Khost, Afghanistan. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 25(1), 780-786. https,//doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2020.1741407
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Model-ing (PLS-SEM). Newbury Park, CA, SAGE Publications, Incorporated
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based struc-tural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115-135. doi, https,//doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sinkovics, R. R. (2009). The use of partial least squares path modelling in international market-ing. Advances in International Marketing, 20, 277-319. doi,10.1108/S1474-7979(2009)0000020014
Judita, H. (2021). Self-control and social media addiction (Facebook), A quantitative analysis. Munich Personal RePEc Archive. https,//mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/108483/1/MPRA_paper_108483.pdf
Kan, M. P. H., & Fabrigar, L. R. (2017). Theory of Planned Behavior. In, Zeigler-Hill, V., Shackelford, T. (eds) Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences. Springer, Cham. https,//doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_1191-1
Karami, L., Khodabandelou, R., Ehsani, M. & Ahmad, M. (2014). Applying the uses and gratifications theory to compare higher education students’ motivation for using social networking sites, Experiences from Iran, Malaysia, United Kingdom, and South Africa. Contemporary Education Technology, 5(1), 53-72.
Knight, R. M. (2017). Academic cyberloafing, A study of perceptual and behavioural differences on in-class cyberloafing among undergraduate students. https,//thescholarship.ecu.edu/bitstream/handle/10342/6133/KNIGHT-MASTERSTHESIS-2016.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Koay, K. Y. (2018). Workplace ostracism and cyberloafing, A moderated–mediation model. Internet Research, 28(4), 1122-1141. https,//doi.org/10.1108/IntR-07-2017-0268
Limvarakul, N. (2017). Uses and gratification associated with social media addiction among working adults in Bangkok. The Graduate School of Bangkok University. http,//dspace.bu.ac.th/bitstream/123456789/2868/1/napaphat.lim.pdf
Mashal, H. M. (2020). A review of cyberloafing predictors in literature. Sustainable Business and Society in Emerging Econo-mies, 2(1), 21-27. https,//doi.org/10.26710/sbsee.v2i1.1196.
Miah, M. R., Hossain, A., Shikder, R., Saha, T., Neger, M. (2022). Evaluating the impact of social media on online shopping behavior during COVID-19 pandemic, A Bangladeshi consumers’ perspectives. Heliyon, 8(9), e10600. https,//doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10600
Moghavvemi, S., Jaafar, N. I., Sulaiman, A. & Kasem, N. (2017). Facebook and YouTube addiction, The usage pattern of Ma-laysian students. International Conference on Research and Innovation in Information Systems. http,//10.1109/ICRIIS.2017.8002516
Moningkey, R. & Franksiska, R. (2020). The influence of social media addiction to employees’ performance with cyberloafing as intervening variable. International Journal of Social Science and Business, 4(2), 251-258.
Nasidi, Q. Y., Ahmad, M. F., Abdulkadir, J. & Garba, M. (2022). Analysing the mediating effect of social media on online shopping using Partial Least Square. Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies, 12(2), 1-9. https,//doi.org/10.30935/ojcmt/11907
Orta, I. M. & Saygili, D. D. (2021). Cyberloafing behaviours among university students, Their relationships with positive and negative affect. Current Psychology, 1-14. doi, 10.1007/s12144-021-02374-3.
Pagoto, S., Waring, M. E., & Xu, R. (2019). A call for a public health agenda for social media research. Journal of Medical In-ternet Research, 21(12), e16661. https,//doi.org/10.2196/16661
Petrosyan, A. (2023, May 22). Worldwide digital population 2023. Retrieved from https,//www.statista.com/statistics/617136/digital-population-worldwide/
Razali, N. A., Ghani, F. A. & Akmar, M. M. R. (2019). Study on personal internet use and cyberloafing activities in workplace. Social and Behavioral Sciences. http,//dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.12.05.97
Rehman, A., Hussain, S. & Khattak, J. K. (2019). Impact of smartphone usage on work neglect with mediating role of cyber-loafing and moderating role of work engagement. NUML International Journal of Business & Management, 14(2), 1-18.
Salleh, S. M., Hussin, S. N., Mohammed, N. H., Hamzah, S. F. M., Yusof, H. S. M. & Ali, N. M. (2020). Social media addic-tion among students at Public University. Jurnal Intelek, 15(1), 48-53. http,//10.24191/ji.v15i1.266
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