How to cite this paper
Hijjawi, M., Shinwan, M., Qutqut, M., Alomoush, W., Khashan, O., Alshdaifat, M., Alsokkar, A & Abualigah, L. (2023). Improved flat mobile core network architecture for 5G mobile communication systems.International Journal of Data and Network Science, 7(3), 1421-1434.
Refrences
Abd Elaziz, M., Abualigah, L., & Attiya, I. (2021). Advanced optimization technique for scheduling IoT tasks in cloud-fog computing environments. Future Generation Computer Systems, 124, 142-154.
Abualigah, L., Diabat, A., & Elaziz, M. A. (2021). Intelligent workflow scheduling for Big Data applications in IoT cloud computing environments. Cluster Computing, 24(4), 2957-2976.
Abualigah, L., Diabat, A., Sumari, P., & Gandomi, A. H. (2021). Applications, deployments, and integration of internet of drones (iod): a review. IEEE Sensors Journal, 21(22), 25532-25546.
Abualigah, L., Elaziz, M. A., Sumari, P., Khasawneh, A. M., Alshinwan, M., Mirjalili, S., ... & Gandomi, A. H. (2022). Black hole algorithm: A comprehensive survey. Applied Intelligence, 52(10), 11892-11915.
Abualigah, L., Habash, M., Hanandeh, E. S., Hussein, A. M., Shinwan, M. Al, Zitar, R. A., & Jia, H. (2023). Improved Reptile Search Algorithm by Salp Swarm Algorithm for Medical Image Segmentation. Journal of Bionic Engineering, 1–25.
Abualigah, L., Shehab, M., Alshinwan, M., Mirjalili, S., & Abd Elaziz, M. (2021). Ant lion optimizer: a comprehensive survey of its variants and applications. Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering, 28(3), 1397–1416.
Al-Sakran, A., Qutqut, M. H., Almasalha, F., Hassanein, H. S., & Hijjawi, M. (2018). An overview of the Internet of things closed source operating systems. 2018 14th International Wireless Communications \& Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC), 291–297.
Al Shinwan, M., Abualigah, L., Huy, T.-D., Younes Shdefat, A., Altalhi, M., Kim, C., El-Sappagh, S., Abd Elaziz, M., & Kwak, K. S. (2022). An Efficient 5G Data Plan Approach Based on Partially Distributed Mobility Architecture. Sensors, 22(1), 349.
Al Shinwan, M., Abualigah, L., Le, N. D., Kim, C., & Khasawneh, A. M. (2021). An intelligent long-lived TCP based on real-time traffic regulation. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 80(11), 16763–16780.
Al Shinwan, M., & Chul-Soo, K. (2018). A future mobile packet core network based on ip-in-ip protocol. International Journal of Computer Networks \& Communications (IJCNC) Vol, 10.
Al Shinwan, M., Huy, T.-D., & Chul-Soo, K. (2017). A Flat Mobile Core Network for Evolved Packet Core Based SAE Mobile Networks. Journal of Computer and Communications, 5(5), 62–73.
Alsarhan, T., Harfoushi, O., Shdefat, A. Y., Mostafa, N., Alshinwan, M., & Ali, A. (2023). Improved Graph Convolutional Network with Enriched Graph Topology Representation for Skeleton-Based Action Recognition. Electronics, 12(4), 879.
Alsokkar, A., Law, E., Almajali, D., & Alshinwan, M. (2023). The effect of multimodality on customers’ decision-making and experiencing: A comparative study. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 7(1), 1–14.
Baldo, N., Miozzo, M., Requena-Esteso, M., & Nin-Guerrero, J. (2011). An open source product-oriented LTE network simulator based on ns-3. Proceedings of the 14th ACM International Conference on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems, 293–298.
Basta, A., Kellerer, W., Hoffmann, M., Hoffmann, K., & Schmidt, E.-D. (2013). A virtual SDN-enabled LTE EPC architecture: A case study for S-/P-gateways functions. 2013 IEEE SDN for Future Networks and Services (SDN4FNS), 1–7.
Bilen, T., Canberk, B., & Chowdhury, K. R. (2017). Handover management in software-defined ultra-dense 5G networks. IEEE Network, 31(4), 49–55.
Bouras, C., & Diles, G. (2015). Resource management in 5G femtocell networks. 2015 10th International Conference on Broadband and Wireless Computing, Communication and Applications (BWCCA), 353–358.
Bruschi, R., Bolla, R., Davoli, F., Zafeiropoulos, A., & Gouvas, P. (2019). Mobile edge vertical computing over 5G network sliced infrastructures: an insight into integration approaches. IEEE Communications Magazine, 57(7), 78–84.
Carneiro, G., Fortuna, P., & Ricardo, M. (2009). FlowMonitor: a network monitoring framework for the network simulator 3 (NS-3). Proceedings of the Fourth International ICST Conference on Performance Evaluation Methodologies and Tools, 1–10.
Chan, H. A., Yokota, H., Xie, J., Seite, P., & Liu, D. (2011). Distributed and dynamic mobility management in mobile internet: current approaches and issues. JCM, 6(1), 4–15.
Cominardi, L., Giust, F., Bernardos, C. J., & De La Oliva, A. (2017). Distributed mobility management solutions for next mobile network architectures. Computer Networks, 121, 124–136.
De La Oliva, A., Pérez, X. C., Azcorra, A., Di Giglio, A., Cavaliere, F., Tiegelbekkers, D., Lessmann, J., Haustein, T., Mourad, A., & Iovanna, P. (2015). Xhaul: toward an integrated fronthaul/backhaul architecture in 5G networks. IEEE Wireless Communications, 22(5), 32–40.
Foundation, O. N. (2012). Software-defined networking: the new norm for networks. ONF White Paper.
Giust, F., Cominardi, L., & Bernardos, C. J. (2015). Distributed mobility management for future 5G networks: overview and analysis of existing approaches. IEEE Communications Magazine, 53(1), 142–149.
Gupta, A. K., Goel, V., Garg, R. R., Thirupurasundari, D. R., Verma, A., & Sain, M. (2021). A fuzzy based handover decision scheme for mobile devices using predictive model. Electronics, 10(16), 2016.
Hakeem, S. A. A., Hady, A. A., & Kim, H. (2020). Current and future developments to improve 5G-NewRadio performance in vehicle-to-everything communications. Telecommunication Systems, 75(3), 331–353.
Hu, L., Miao, Y., Yang, J., Ghoneim, A., Hossain, M. S., & Alrashoud, M. (2020). If-rans: intelligent traffic prediction and cognitive caching toward fog-computing-based radio access networks. IEEE Wireless Communications, 27(2), 29–35.
Jeon, S., Figueiredo, S., & Aguiar, R. L. (2013). On the impacts of distributed and Dynamic Mobility Management strategy: A simulation study. 2013 IFIP Wireless Days (WD), 1–6.
Khan, S. K., Farasat, M., Naseem, U., & Ali, F. (2020). Performance evaluation of next-generation wireless (5G) UAV relay. Wireless Personal Communications, 113(2), 945–960.
Ki, J.-G., Lee, K.-T., & Kim, D.-H. (2014). Modeling and simulation of partially distributed mobility management scheme. International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering, 9(8), 125–136.
Kosmopoulos, I., Skondras, E., Michalas, A., Michailidis, E. T., & Vergados, D. D. (2022). Handover Management in 5G Vehicular Networks. Future Internet, 14(3), 87.
Koubias, S. A., & Haralabidis, H. C. (2001). Simulated performance evaluation of a MAC-layer hybrid protocol for multi-channel control networks (MITION). Telecommunication Systems, 17(1), 63–92.
Liu, G., & Jiang, D. (2016). 5G: Vision and requirements for mobile communication system towards year 2020. Chinese Journal of Engineering, 2016(2016), 8.
Makaya, C., & Pierre, S. (2008). An analytical framework for performance evaluation of IPv6-based mobility management protocols. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 7(3), 972–983.
Masa’deh, R., A. AlMajali, D., AlSokkar, A. A. M., Alshinwan, M., & Shehadeh, M. (2023). Antecedents of Intention to Use E-Auction: An Empirical Study. Sustainability, 15(6), 4871.
Modeas, I., Kaloxylos, A., Merakos, L., & Tsolkas, D. (2021). An adaptive and distributed network selection mechanism for 5G networks. Computer Networks, 189, 107943.
Netmanias Technical Document: EMM Procedure 1. Initial Attach: Part 2. Call Flow of Initial Attach. (2014).
Netmanias Technical Document: EMM Procedure 6. Handover without TAU: Part 2. X2 Handover. (2014).
Nguyen, T.-T., Bonnet, C., & Harri, J. (2016). SDN-based distributed mobility management for 5G networks. 2016 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 1–7.
Project, 3rd Generation Partnership. (2016). Study on control and user plane separation of EPC nodes. 3GPP TR 23.714 V14.0.0.
Project, 3rd Generation Partnership. (2020). Architecture enhancements for control and user plane separation of EPC nodes. 3GPP TS 23.214 V16.2.0.
Project, 3rd Generation Partnership. (2021). General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) enhancements for Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) access. 3GPP TS 23.401 V16.10.0.
Qureshi, K. N., Abdullah, A. H., Kaiwartya, O., Ullah, F., Iqbal, S., & Altameem, A. (2020). Weighted link quality and forward progress coupled with modified RTS/CTS for beaconless packet forwarding protocol (B-PFP) in VANETs. Telecommunication Systems, 75(2), 145–160.
Qutqut, M. H. (2014). Mobile Small cells in Cellular Heterogeneous Networks. Queen’s University at Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
Rost, P., Mannweiler, C., Michalopoulos, D. S., Sartori, C., Sciancalepore, V., Sastry, N., Holland, O., Tayade, S., Han, B., Bega, D., & others. (2017). Network slicing to enable scalability and flexibility in 5G mobile networks. IEEE Communications Magazine, 55(5), 72–79.
Said, S. B. H., Sama, M. R., Guillouard, K., Suciu, L., Simon, G., Lagrange, X., & Bonnin, J.-M. (2013). New control plane in 3GPP LTE/EPC architecture for on-demand connectivity service. 2013 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Cloud Networking (CloudNet), 205–209.
Shinwan, M. A., & Chul-Soo, K. (2017). Enhanced Mobile Packet Core Network Scheme for Next-Generation Mobile Communication Systems. International Journal of Electronics Communication and Computer Engineering (IJECCE), 8, 56–61.
Sumathi, D., Prakasam, P., Nandakumar, S., & Balaji, S. (2022). Efficient Seamless Handover Mechanism and Mobility Management for D2D Communication in 5G Cellular Networks. Wireless Personal Communications, 1–23.
Sun, W., Wang, L., Liu, J., Kato, N., & Zhang, Y. (2020). Movement aware CoMP handover in heterogeneous ultra-dense networks. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 69(1), 340–352.
Uddin, M. Y., Abdeljaber, H. A., & Ahanger, T. A. (2021). Development of a Hybrid Algorithm for efficient Task Scheduling in Cloud Computing environment using Artificial Intelligence. International Journal of Computers, Communications and Control, 16(5).
Abualigah, L., Diabat, A., & Elaziz, M. A. (2021). Intelligent workflow scheduling for Big Data applications in IoT cloud computing environments. Cluster Computing, 24(4), 2957-2976.
Abualigah, L., Diabat, A., Sumari, P., & Gandomi, A. H. (2021). Applications, deployments, and integration of internet of drones (iod): a review. IEEE Sensors Journal, 21(22), 25532-25546.
Abualigah, L., Elaziz, M. A., Sumari, P., Khasawneh, A. M., Alshinwan, M., Mirjalili, S., ... & Gandomi, A. H. (2022). Black hole algorithm: A comprehensive survey. Applied Intelligence, 52(10), 11892-11915.
Abualigah, L., Habash, M., Hanandeh, E. S., Hussein, A. M., Shinwan, M. Al, Zitar, R. A., & Jia, H. (2023). Improved Reptile Search Algorithm by Salp Swarm Algorithm for Medical Image Segmentation. Journal of Bionic Engineering, 1–25.
Abualigah, L., Shehab, M., Alshinwan, M., Mirjalili, S., & Abd Elaziz, M. (2021). Ant lion optimizer: a comprehensive survey of its variants and applications. Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering, 28(3), 1397–1416.
Al-Sakran, A., Qutqut, M. H., Almasalha, F., Hassanein, H. S., & Hijjawi, M. (2018). An overview of the Internet of things closed source operating systems. 2018 14th International Wireless Communications \& Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC), 291–297.
Al Shinwan, M., Abualigah, L., Huy, T.-D., Younes Shdefat, A., Altalhi, M., Kim, C., El-Sappagh, S., Abd Elaziz, M., & Kwak, K. S. (2022). An Efficient 5G Data Plan Approach Based on Partially Distributed Mobility Architecture. Sensors, 22(1), 349.
Al Shinwan, M., Abualigah, L., Le, N. D., Kim, C., & Khasawneh, A. M. (2021). An intelligent long-lived TCP based on real-time traffic regulation. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 80(11), 16763–16780.
Al Shinwan, M., & Chul-Soo, K. (2018). A future mobile packet core network based on ip-in-ip protocol. International Journal of Computer Networks \& Communications (IJCNC) Vol, 10.
Al Shinwan, M., Huy, T.-D., & Chul-Soo, K. (2017). A Flat Mobile Core Network for Evolved Packet Core Based SAE Mobile Networks. Journal of Computer and Communications, 5(5), 62–73.
Alsarhan, T., Harfoushi, O., Shdefat, A. Y., Mostafa, N., Alshinwan, M., & Ali, A. (2023). Improved Graph Convolutional Network with Enriched Graph Topology Representation for Skeleton-Based Action Recognition. Electronics, 12(4), 879.
Alsokkar, A., Law, E., Almajali, D., & Alshinwan, M. (2023). The effect of multimodality on customers’ decision-making and experiencing: A comparative study. International Journal of Data and Network Science, 7(1), 1–14.
Baldo, N., Miozzo, M., Requena-Esteso, M., & Nin-Guerrero, J. (2011). An open source product-oriented LTE network simulator based on ns-3. Proceedings of the 14th ACM International Conference on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems, 293–298.
Basta, A., Kellerer, W., Hoffmann, M., Hoffmann, K., & Schmidt, E.-D. (2013). A virtual SDN-enabled LTE EPC architecture: A case study for S-/P-gateways functions. 2013 IEEE SDN for Future Networks and Services (SDN4FNS), 1–7.
Bilen, T., Canberk, B., & Chowdhury, K. R. (2017). Handover management in software-defined ultra-dense 5G networks. IEEE Network, 31(4), 49–55.
Bouras, C., & Diles, G. (2015). Resource management in 5G femtocell networks. 2015 10th International Conference on Broadband and Wireless Computing, Communication and Applications (BWCCA), 353–358.
Bruschi, R., Bolla, R., Davoli, F., Zafeiropoulos, A., & Gouvas, P. (2019). Mobile edge vertical computing over 5G network sliced infrastructures: an insight into integration approaches. IEEE Communications Magazine, 57(7), 78–84.
Carneiro, G., Fortuna, P., & Ricardo, M. (2009). FlowMonitor: a network monitoring framework for the network simulator 3 (NS-3). Proceedings of the Fourth International ICST Conference on Performance Evaluation Methodologies and Tools, 1–10.
Chan, H. A., Yokota, H., Xie, J., Seite, P., & Liu, D. (2011). Distributed and dynamic mobility management in mobile internet: current approaches and issues. JCM, 6(1), 4–15.
Cominardi, L., Giust, F., Bernardos, C. J., & De La Oliva, A. (2017). Distributed mobility management solutions for next mobile network architectures. Computer Networks, 121, 124–136.
De La Oliva, A., Pérez, X. C., Azcorra, A., Di Giglio, A., Cavaliere, F., Tiegelbekkers, D., Lessmann, J., Haustein, T., Mourad, A., & Iovanna, P. (2015). Xhaul: toward an integrated fronthaul/backhaul architecture in 5G networks. IEEE Wireless Communications, 22(5), 32–40.
Foundation, O. N. (2012). Software-defined networking: the new norm for networks. ONF White Paper.
Giust, F., Cominardi, L., & Bernardos, C. J. (2015). Distributed mobility management for future 5G networks: overview and analysis of existing approaches. IEEE Communications Magazine, 53(1), 142–149.
Gupta, A. K., Goel, V., Garg, R. R., Thirupurasundari, D. R., Verma, A., & Sain, M. (2021). A fuzzy based handover decision scheme for mobile devices using predictive model. Electronics, 10(16), 2016.
Hakeem, S. A. A., Hady, A. A., & Kim, H. (2020). Current and future developments to improve 5G-NewRadio performance in vehicle-to-everything communications. Telecommunication Systems, 75(3), 331–353.
Hu, L., Miao, Y., Yang, J., Ghoneim, A., Hossain, M. S., & Alrashoud, M. (2020). If-rans: intelligent traffic prediction and cognitive caching toward fog-computing-based radio access networks. IEEE Wireless Communications, 27(2), 29–35.
Jeon, S., Figueiredo, S., & Aguiar, R. L. (2013). On the impacts of distributed and Dynamic Mobility Management strategy: A simulation study. 2013 IFIP Wireless Days (WD), 1–6.
Khan, S. K., Farasat, M., Naseem, U., & Ali, F. (2020). Performance evaluation of next-generation wireless (5G) UAV relay. Wireless Personal Communications, 113(2), 945–960.
Ki, J.-G., Lee, K.-T., & Kim, D.-H. (2014). Modeling and simulation of partially distributed mobility management scheme. International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering, 9(8), 125–136.
Kosmopoulos, I., Skondras, E., Michalas, A., Michailidis, E. T., & Vergados, D. D. (2022). Handover Management in 5G Vehicular Networks. Future Internet, 14(3), 87.
Koubias, S. A., & Haralabidis, H. C. (2001). Simulated performance evaluation of a MAC-layer hybrid protocol for multi-channel control networks (MITION). Telecommunication Systems, 17(1), 63–92.
Liu, G., & Jiang, D. (2016). 5G: Vision and requirements for mobile communication system towards year 2020. Chinese Journal of Engineering, 2016(2016), 8.
Makaya, C., & Pierre, S. (2008). An analytical framework for performance evaluation of IPv6-based mobility management protocols. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 7(3), 972–983.
Masa’deh, R., A. AlMajali, D., AlSokkar, A. A. M., Alshinwan, M., & Shehadeh, M. (2023). Antecedents of Intention to Use E-Auction: An Empirical Study. Sustainability, 15(6), 4871.
Modeas, I., Kaloxylos, A., Merakos, L., & Tsolkas, D. (2021). An adaptive and distributed network selection mechanism for 5G networks. Computer Networks, 189, 107943.
Netmanias Technical Document: EMM Procedure 1. Initial Attach: Part 2. Call Flow of Initial Attach. (2014).
Netmanias Technical Document: EMM Procedure 6. Handover without TAU: Part 2. X2 Handover. (2014).
Nguyen, T.-T., Bonnet, C., & Harri, J. (2016). SDN-based distributed mobility management for 5G networks. 2016 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 1–7.
Project, 3rd Generation Partnership. (2016). Study on control and user plane separation of EPC nodes. 3GPP TR 23.714 V14.0.0.
Project, 3rd Generation Partnership. (2020). Architecture enhancements for control and user plane separation of EPC nodes. 3GPP TS 23.214 V16.2.0.
Project, 3rd Generation Partnership. (2021). General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) enhancements for Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) access. 3GPP TS 23.401 V16.10.0.
Qureshi, K. N., Abdullah, A. H., Kaiwartya, O., Ullah, F., Iqbal, S., & Altameem, A. (2020). Weighted link quality and forward progress coupled with modified RTS/CTS for beaconless packet forwarding protocol (B-PFP) in VANETs. Telecommunication Systems, 75(2), 145–160.
Qutqut, M. H. (2014). Mobile Small cells in Cellular Heterogeneous Networks. Queen’s University at Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
Rost, P., Mannweiler, C., Michalopoulos, D. S., Sartori, C., Sciancalepore, V., Sastry, N., Holland, O., Tayade, S., Han, B., Bega, D., & others. (2017). Network slicing to enable scalability and flexibility in 5G mobile networks. IEEE Communications Magazine, 55(5), 72–79.
Said, S. B. H., Sama, M. R., Guillouard, K., Suciu, L., Simon, G., Lagrange, X., & Bonnin, J.-M. (2013). New control plane in 3GPP LTE/EPC architecture for on-demand connectivity service. 2013 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Cloud Networking (CloudNet), 205–209.
Shinwan, M. A., & Chul-Soo, K. (2017). Enhanced Mobile Packet Core Network Scheme for Next-Generation Mobile Communication Systems. International Journal of Electronics Communication and Computer Engineering (IJECCE), 8, 56–61.
Sumathi, D., Prakasam, P., Nandakumar, S., & Balaji, S. (2022). Efficient Seamless Handover Mechanism and Mobility Management for D2D Communication in 5G Cellular Networks. Wireless Personal Communications, 1–23.
Sun, W., Wang, L., Liu, J., Kato, N., & Zhang, Y. (2020). Movement aware CoMP handover in heterogeneous ultra-dense networks. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 69(1), 340–352.
Uddin, M. Y., Abdeljaber, H. A., & Ahanger, T. A. (2021). Development of a Hybrid Algorithm for efficient Task Scheduling in Cloud Computing environment using Artificial Intelligence. International Journal of Computers, Communications and Control, 16(5).