1
How to cite this paper
APA: Parashar, S., Chawla, V., Angra, S & Chanda, A. (2026). Optimization of static and impact mechanical properties for Kenaf-Coir hybrid composite modified with carbon nanotube (CNT). Engineering Solid Mechanics, 14(1), 67-80.
Chicago/Turabian: Parashar, S., Chawla, V., Angra, S & Chanda, A. 2026. "Optimization of static and impact mechanical properties for Kenaf-Coir hybrid composite modified with carbon nanotube (CNT)." Engineering Solid Mechanics 14, no. 1 (2026): 67-80.
AMA: Parashar, S., Chawla, V., Angra, S & Chanda, A. Optimization of static and impact mechanical properties for Kenaf-Coir hybrid composite modified with carbon nanotube (CNT). Engineering Solid Mechanics. 2026;14(1):67-80.
References
Abbas, S. M., Hussain, S. T., Ali, S., Ahmad, N., Ali, N., & Abbas, S. (2013). Structure and electrochemical performance of ZnO/CNT composite as anode material for lithium-ion batteries. Journal of Materials Science, 48(16), 5429-5436.
Arrakhiz, F.Z., Achaby, ME., Malha, M., & Bensalah, M.O. (2013). Mechanical and thermal properties of natural fibers reinforced polymer composites: Doum/low density polyethylene. Materials & Design, 43, 200-205.
Bagci, M., & Imrek, H. (2013) Application of Taguchi method on optimization of testing parameters for erosion of glass fiber reinforced epoxy composite materials. Materials & Design, 46, 706-712.
Bettini, S., Bicudo, A., Augusto, I., Antunes, L., Morassi, P., Condotta, R., & Bonse, B. (2010) Investigation on the use of coir fiber as alternative reinforcement in polypropylene. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 118(5), 2841–2848.
Bhagat, V.K., Biswas, S., & Dehury, J. (2013) Physical, mechanical, and water absorption behavior of coir/glass fiber reinforced epoxy based hybrid composites. Polymer Composites, 35(5), 925-930.
Biswas, S., & Anurag, J. (2019) Fabrication of Composite Laminates. Reinforced Polymer Composite: Processing, Characterization and Post Life Cycle Assessment (1st ed.). Wiley.
Chanda, A. K., Chawla, V. K., & Angra, S. K. (2018). A modified memetic particle swarm optimization algorithm for sustainable multi-objective scheduling of automatic guided vehicles in a flexible manufacturing system. International Journal of Computer Aided Manufacturing, 4(1), 33-47.
Dasari, A., Yu, Z.Z., & Mai, Y. (2009) Electrically conductive and super-tough polyamide-based nanocomposites. Polymer, 50(16), 4112-4121.
El-Shekeil, Y. A., Sapuan, S. M., Azaman, M. D., & Jawaid, M. (2013). Optimization of Blending Parameters and Fiber Size of Kenaf‐Bast‐Fiber‐Reinforced the Thermoplastic Polyurethane Composites by Taguchi Method. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2013(1), 686452.
Essabir, H., Bensalah, M. O., Rodrigue, D., Bouhfid, R., & Qaiss, A. (2016). Structural, mechanical and thermal properties of bio-based hybrid composites from waste coir residues: Fibers and shell particles. Mechanics of Materials, 93, 134-144.
Faruk, O., Bledzki, A. K., Fink, H. P., & Sain, M. (2014). Progress report on natural fiber reinforced composites. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 299(1), 9-26.
Geethamma, V. G., Kalaprasad, G., Groeninckx, G., & Thomas, S. (2005) Dynamic mechanical behavior of short coir fibre reinforced natural rubber composites. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 36(11), 1499-1506.
Guadagno, L., Vertuccio, L., Sorrentino, A., Raimondo, M. (2009) Mechanical and barrier properties of epoxy resin filled with multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Carbon, 47(10), 2419-2430.
Gupta, P., Chawla, V. K., Jain, V., & Angra, S. (2022). Green operations management for sustainable development: an explicit analysis by using fuzzy best-worst method. Decision Science Letters, 357-366.
Hamidon, M. H., Sultan, M. T., Ariffin, A. H., & Shah, A. U. (2019). Effects of fibre treatment on mechanical properties of kenaf fibre reinforced composites: a review. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 8(3), 3327-3337.
Herrera-Franco, P. J., & Valadez-Gonzalez, A. (2004). Mechanical properties of continuous natural fibre-reinforced polymer composites. Composites Part A: applied science and manufacturing, 35(3), 339-345.
Holbery, J., & Houston, D. (2006). Natural-fiber-reinforced polymer composites in automotive applications. JOM, 58(11), 80-86.
Islam, M. S., Hasbullah, N. A. B., Hasan, M., Talib, Z. A., Jawaid, M., & Haafiz, M. M. (2015). Physical, mechanical and biodegradable properties of kenaf/coir hybrid fiber reinforced polymer nanocomposites. Materials Today Communications, 4, 69-76.
Jayabal, S., & Natarajan, U. (2010). Effect of fibre length and fibre content on the mechanical properties of coir fiber/polyester composites. Journal of Metallurgy and Materials Science, 52(4), 341-350.
Kim, M.T., Rhee, K.Y., Lee, J.H., Hui, D., & Lau, A.K. (2011) Property enhancement of a carbon fiber/epoxy composite by using carbon nanotubes. Composites Part B: Engineering, 42(5), 57-66.
Ku, H., Wang, H., Pattarachaiyakoop, N., Trada, M. (2011) A review on the tensile properties of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites. Composites Part B: Engineering, 42(4), 856-873.
Kumar, N. R., Rao, C. R., Srikant, P., & Rao, B. R. (2015). Mechanical properties of corn fiber reinforced polypropylene composites using Taguchi method. Materials Today: Proceedings, 2(4-5), 3084-3092.
Lai, C. Y., Sapuan, S. M., Ahmad, M., Yahya, N., & Dahlan, K. Z. H. M. (2005). Mechanical and electrical properties of coconut coir fiber-reinforced polypropylene composites. Polymer-Plastic Technology and Engineering, 44(4), 619-632.
Li, W., Dichiara, A., Zha, J., Su, Z., & Bai, J. (2014). On improvement of mechanical and thermo-mechanical properties of glass fabric/epoxy composites by incorporating CNT–Al2O3 hybrids. Composites Science and Technology, 103, 36-43.
Mossello, A. A., Harun, J., Tahir, P. M., Resalati, H., Ibrahim, R., Shamsi, S. R. F., & Mohmamed, A. Z. (2010). A review of literatures related of using kenaf for pulp production (beating, fractionation, and recycled fiber). Modern Applied Science, 4(9), 21.
Nagarjun, J., Kanchana, J., & Rajesh Kumar, G. (2022). Improvement of mechanical properties of coir/epoxy composites through hybridization with sisal and palmyra palm fibers. Journal of Natural Fibers, 19(2), 475-484.
Navaneethakrishnan, S., & Athijayamani, A. (2015). Taguchi method for optimization of fabrication parameters with mechanical properties in fiber and particulate reinforced composites. International Journal of Plastics Technology, 19(2), 227-240.
Parashar, S., & Chawla, V. K. (2021). A systematic review on sustainable green fibre reinforced composite and their analytical models. Materials Today: Proceedings, 46, 6541-6546.
Parashar, S., & Chawla, V. K. (2022). Evaluation of fiber volume fraction of kenaf-coir-epoxy based green composite by finite element analysis. Materials Today: Proceedings, 50, 1265-1274.
Parashar, S., & Chawla, V. (2023). Kenaf-Coir based hybrid nano-composite: an analytical and representative volume element analysis. Engineering Solid Mechanics, 11(1), 103-118.
Parashar, S., & Chawla, V. K. (2024). Effect of calcium carbonate nanoparticles on mechanical properties of coir-kenaf based epoxy hybrid composites: An analytical and simulation study. Research on Engineering Structure and Materials, 10(2), 819-838.
Peng, X., Wang, M., Yi, B., Li, J., Wu, H., & Jiang, S. (2023). Optimization design of stacking sequence and material distribution for variable thickness hybrid composite structure based on improved stacking sequence table. Composite Structures, 307, 116641.
Phaneendra Kumar, B. L., & Manoharan, P. (2021). Whale optimization-based band selection technique for hyperspectral image classification. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 42(13), 5105-5143.
Potluri, R., Diwakar, V., Venkatesh, K., & Reddy, B. S. (2018). Analytical model application for prediction of mechanical properties of natural fiber reinforced composites. Materials today: proceedings, 5(2), 5809-5818.
Puchy, V., Hvizdos, P., Dusza, J., Kovac, F., Inam, F., & Reece, M. J. (2013). Wear resistance of Al2O3–CNT ceramic nanocomposites at room and high temperatures. Ceramics International, 39(5), 5821-5826.
Qian, H., Greenhalgh, E. S., Shaffer, M. S., & Bismarck, A. (2010). Carbon nanotube-based hierarchical composites: a review. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 20(23), 4751-4762.
Saba, N., Paridah, M. T., & Jawaid, M. (2015). Mechanical properties of kenaf fibre reinforced polymer composite: A review. Construction and Building materials, 76, 87-96.
Sadjadi, S. (2021). A survey on the effect of plastic pollution in the Great Lakes. Journal of Future Sustainability, 1(1), 5-8.
Sakthivel, P. B., Ravichandran, A., & Alagamurthi, N. (2015). Impact strength of hybrid steel mesh-and-fiber reinforced cementitious composites. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 19(5), 1385-1395.
Saw, S. K., Akhtar, K., Yadav, N., & Singh, A. K. (2014). Hybrid composites made from jute/coir fibers: water absorption, thickness swelling, density, morphology, and mechanical properties. Journal of Natural Fibers, 11(1), 39-53.
Saxena, T., & Chawla, V. K. (2021). Banana leaf fiber-based green composite: an explicit review report. Materials Today: Proceedings, 46, 6618-6624.
Saxena, T., & Chawla, V. K. (2021a). Elastic properties evaluation of banana-hemp fiber-based hybrid composite with nano-titanium oxide filler: Analytical and Simulation Study. Engineering Solid Mechanics, 12(1).
Saxena, T., & Chawla, V. K. (2022). Effect of fiber orientations and their weight percentage on banana fiber-based hybrid composite. Materials Today: Proceedings, 50, 1275-1281.
Saxena T, Chawla VK. (2022a) Evaluation of mechanical properties for banana-carbon fiber reinforced nano-clay epoxy composite using analytical modeling and simulation. Research on Engineering Structures and Materials, 8(4), 773-798.
Saxena, T., & Chawla, V. K. (2024). Evaluation and Analysis of Elastic and Mechanical Characteristics of Hybrid Composite Incorporating Banana Fiber, Kenaf Fiber, and Nano-CaCO3. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 49(11), 15419-15437.
Shankar, B. L., Nagaraj, P. M., & Anil, K. C. (2017). Optimization of wear behaviour of AA8011-Gr composite using Taguchi technique. Materials Today: Proceedings, 4(10), 10739-10745.
Sharma, V., Dhauni, S., & Chawla, V. K. (2021). Design and manufacturing of air intake assembly for formula SAE vehicle. Materials Today: Proceedings, 43, 58-64.
Shen, H. S. (2011). Postbuckling of nanotube-reinforced composite cylindrical shells in thermal environments, Part I: Axially-loaded shells. Composite Structures, 93(8), 2096-2108.
Siakeng, R., Jawaid, M., Ariffin, H., & Sapuan, S. M. (2019). Mechanical, dynamic, and thermomechanical properties of coir/pineapple leaf fiber reinforced polylactic acid hybrid biocomposites. Polymer Composites, 40(5), 2000-2011.
Patnaik, A., & Bhatt, A. D. (2011). Mechanical and dry sliding wear characterization of epoxy–TiO2 particulate filled functionally graded composites materials using Taguchi design of experiment. Materials & Design, 32(2), 615-627.
Siddika, S., Mansura, F., Hasan, M., & Hassan, A. (2014). Effect of reinforcement and chemical treatment of fiber on the properties of jute-coir fiber reinforced hybrid polypropylene composites. Fibers and polymers, 15(5), 1023-1028.
Sudhakara, P., Jagadeesh, D., Wang, Y., Prasad, C. V., Devi, A. K., Balakrishnan, G., ... & Song, J. I. (2013). Fabrication of Borassus fruit lignocellulose fiber/PP composites and comparison with jute, sisal and coir fibers. Carbohydrate polymers, 98(1), 1002-1010.
Srebrenkoska, V., Gaceva, G. B., Avella, M., Ericco, M. E., & Gentile, G. (2009). Utilization of recycled polypropylene for production of eco-composites. Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 48(11), 1113-1120.
Symington, M. C., Banks, W. M., West, O. D., & Pethrick, R. A. (2009). Tensile testing of cellulose based natural fibers for structural composite applications. Journal of composite materials, 43(9), 1083-1108.
Treacy, M. J., Ebbesen, T. W., & Gibson, J. M. (1996). Exceptionally high Young's modulus observed for individual carbon nanotubes. nature, 381(6584), 678-680.
Victoria, A., Hine, P. J., Ward, K., & Ries, M. E. (2023). Design of experiments in the optimization of all-cellulose composites. Cellulose, 30(17), 11013-11039.
Vignesh, K., Ramasivam, G., Natarajan, U., & Srinivasan, C. (2016). Optimization of process parameters to enhance the mechanical properties of bone powder and coir fiber reinforced polyester composites by Taguchi method. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 11(2), 1224-1231.
Wetzel, B., Rosso, P., Haupert, F., & Friedrich, K. (2006). Epoxy nanocomposites–fracture and toughening mechanisms. Engineering fracture mechanics, 73(16), 2375-2398.
Yadav, E., & Chawla, V. K. (2024). Role and Significance of Defect Detection Methods for Rotating Machines: An Explicit Literature Review. Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series C, 105(5), 1293-1310.
Yadav, E., Chawla, V. K., Angra, S., & Yadav, S. (2025). The fault diagnosis of different rotating machine elements by using infrared thermography images and extended adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system: an experimental evaluation. MAPAN, 40(3), 731-749.
Yadav, E., & Chawla, V. K. (2025a). The Temperature-Assisted Defect Detection in Rotating Machinery by Using Infrared Thermography Integrated Modified Artificial Neural Network-Based Image Processing: A Step Towards Futuristic Metrology. MAPAN, 1-19.
Yadav, E., & Chawla, V. K. (2025b). Defect detection in rotating machine elements by using a three-stage infrared thermography and modified local binary pattern method. Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering, 31(3), 398-418.
Yang, H., Yan, R., Chen, H., Lee, D. H., & Zheng, C. (2007). Characteristics of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin pyrolysis. Fuel, 86(12-13), 1781-1788.
Yusoff, R. B., Takagi, H., & Nakagaito, A. N. (2016). Tensile and flexural properties of polylactic acid-based hybrid green composites reinforced by kenaf, bamboo and coir fibers. Industrial crops and products, 94, 562-573.
Zainudin, E. S., Yan, L. H., Haniffah, W. H., Jawaid, M., & Alothman, O. Y. (2014). Effect of coir fiber loading on mechanical and morphological properties of oil palm fibers reinforced polypropylene composites. Polymer Composites, 35(7), 1418-1425.
Zaman, H. U., & Beg, M. D. H. (2014). Preparation, structure, and properties of the coir fiber/polypropylene composites. Journal of Composite Materials, 48(26), 3293-3301.
Zhang, J., & Jiang, D. (2011). Interconnected multi-walled carbon nanotubes reinforced polymer-matrix composites. Composites Science and Technology, 71(4), 466-470.
Zhang, L., & Hu, Y. (2014). Novel lignocellulosic hybrid particleboard composites made from rice straws and coir fibers. Materials & Design, 55, 19-26.
Arrakhiz, F.Z., Achaby, ME., Malha, M., & Bensalah, M.O. (2013). Mechanical and thermal properties of natural fibers reinforced polymer composites: Doum/low density polyethylene. Materials & Design, 43, 200-205.
Bagci, M., & Imrek, H. (2013) Application of Taguchi method on optimization of testing parameters for erosion of glass fiber reinforced epoxy composite materials. Materials & Design, 46, 706-712.
Bettini, S., Bicudo, A., Augusto, I., Antunes, L., Morassi, P., Condotta, R., & Bonse, B. (2010) Investigation on the use of coir fiber as alternative reinforcement in polypropylene. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 118(5), 2841–2848.
Bhagat, V.K., Biswas, S., & Dehury, J. (2013) Physical, mechanical, and water absorption behavior of coir/glass fiber reinforced epoxy based hybrid composites. Polymer Composites, 35(5), 925-930.
Biswas, S., & Anurag, J. (2019) Fabrication of Composite Laminates. Reinforced Polymer Composite: Processing, Characterization and Post Life Cycle Assessment (1st ed.). Wiley.
Chanda, A. K., Chawla, V. K., & Angra, S. K. (2018). A modified memetic particle swarm optimization algorithm for sustainable multi-objective scheduling of automatic guided vehicles in a flexible manufacturing system. International Journal of Computer Aided Manufacturing, 4(1), 33-47.
Dasari, A., Yu, Z.Z., & Mai, Y. (2009) Electrically conductive and super-tough polyamide-based nanocomposites. Polymer, 50(16), 4112-4121.
El-Shekeil, Y. A., Sapuan, S. M., Azaman, M. D., & Jawaid, M. (2013). Optimization of Blending Parameters and Fiber Size of Kenaf‐Bast‐Fiber‐Reinforced the Thermoplastic Polyurethane Composites by Taguchi Method. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2013(1), 686452.
Essabir, H., Bensalah, M. O., Rodrigue, D., Bouhfid, R., & Qaiss, A. (2016). Structural, mechanical and thermal properties of bio-based hybrid composites from waste coir residues: Fibers and shell particles. Mechanics of Materials, 93, 134-144.
Faruk, O., Bledzki, A. K., Fink, H. P., & Sain, M. (2014). Progress report on natural fiber reinforced composites. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 299(1), 9-26.
Geethamma, V. G., Kalaprasad, G., Groeninckx, G., & Thomas, S. (2005) Dynamic mechanical behavior of short coir fibre reinforced natural rubber composites. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 36(11), 1499-1506.
Guadagno, L., Vertuccio, L., Sorrentino, A., Raimondo, M. (2009) Mechanical and barrier properties of epoxy resin filled with multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Carbon, 47(10), 2419-2430.
Gupta, P., Chawla, V. K., Jain, V., & Angra, S. (2022). Green operations management for sustainable development: an explicit analysis by using fuzzy best-worst method. Decision Science Letters, 357-366.
Hamidon, M. H., Sultan, M. T., Ariffin, A. H., & Shah, A. U. (2019). Effects of fibre treatment on mechanical properties of kenaf fibre reinforced composites: a review. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 8(3), 3327-3337.
Herrera-Franco, P. J., & Valadez-Gonzalez, A. (2004). Mechanical properties of continuous natural fibre-reinforced polymer composites. Composites Part A: applied science and manufacturing, 35(3), 339-345.
Holbery, J., & Houston, D. (2006). Natural-fiber-reinforced polymer composites in automotive applications. JOM, 58(11), 80-86.
Islam, M. S., Hasbullah, N. A. B., Hasan, M., Talib, Z. A., Jawaid, M., & Haafiz, M. M. (2015). Physical, mechanical and biodegradable properties of kenaf/coir hybrid fiber reinforced polymer nanocomposites. Materials Today Communications, 4, 69-76.
Jayabal, S., & Natarajan, U. (2010). Effect of fibre length and fibre content on the mechanical properties of coir fiber/polyester composites. Journal of Metallurgy and Materials Science, 52(4), 341-350.
Kim, M.T., Rhee, K.Y., Lee, J.H., Hui, D., & Lau, A.K. (2011) Property enhancement of a carbon fiber/epoxy composite by using carbon nanotubes. Composites Part B: Engineering, 42(5), 57-66.
Ku, H., Wang, H., Pattarachaiyakoop, N., Trada, M. (2011) A review on the tensile properties of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites. Composites Part B: Engineering, 42(4), 856-873.
Kumar, N. R., Rao, C. R., Srikant, P., & Rao, B. R. (2015). Mechanical properties of corn fiber reinforced polypropylene composites using Taguchi method. Materials Today: Proceedings, 2(4-5), 3084-3092.
Lai, C. Y., Sapuan, S. M., Ahmad, M., Yahya, N., & Dahlan, K. Z. H. M. (2005). Mechanical and electrical properties of coconut coir fiber-reinforced polypropylene composites. Polymer-Plastic Technology and Engineering, 44(4), 619-632.
Li, W., Dichiara, A., Zha, J., Su, Z., & Bai, J. (2014). On improvement of mechanical and thermo-mechanical properties of glass fabric/epoxy composites by incorporating CNT–Al2O3 hybrids. Composites Science and Technology, 103, 36-43.
Mossello, A. A., Harun, J., Tahir, P. M., Resalati, H., Ibrahim, R., Shamsi, S. R. F., & Mohmamed, A. Z. (2010). A review of literatures related of using kenaf for pulp production (beating, fractionation, and recycled fiber). Modern Applied Science, 4(9), 21.
Nagarjun, J., Kanchana, J., & Rajesh Kumar, G. (2022). Improvement of mechanical properties of coir/epoxy composites through hybridization with sisal and palmyra palm fibers. Journal of Natural Fibers, 19(2), 475-484.
Navaneethakrishnan, S., & Athijayamani, A. (2015). Taguchi method for optimization of fabrication parameters with mechanical properties in fiber and particulate reinforced composites. International Journal of Plastics Technology, 19(2), 227-240.
Parashar, S., & Chawla, V. K. (2021). A systematic review on sustainable green fibre reinforced composite and their analytical models. Materials Today: Proceedings, 46, 6541-6546.
Parashar, S., & Chawla, V. K. (2022). Evaluation of fiber volume fraction of kenaf-coir-epoxy based green composite by finite element analysis. Materials Today: Proceedings, 50, 1265-1274.
Parashar, S., & Chawla, V. (2023). Kenaf-Coir based hybrid nano-composite: an analytical and representative volume element analysis. Engineering Solid Mechanics, 11(1), 103-118.
Parashar, S., & Chawla, V. K. (2024). Effect of calcium carbonate nanoparticles on mechanical properties of coir-kenaf based epoxy hybrid composites: An analytical and simulation study. Research on Engineering Structure and Materials, 10(2), 819-838.
Peng, X., Wang, M., Yi, B., Li, J., Wu, H., & Jiang, S. (2023). Optimization design of stacking sequence and material distribution for variable thickness hybrid composite structure based on improved stacking sequence table. Composite Structures, 307, 116641.
Phaneendra Kumar, B. L., & Manoharan, P. (2021). Whale optimization-based band selection technique for hyperspectral image classification. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 42(13), 5105-5143.
Potluri, R., Diwakar, V., Venkatesh, K., & Reddy, B. S. (2018). Analytical model application for prediction of mechanical properties of natural fiber reinforced composites. Materials today: proceedings, 5(2), 5809-5818.
Puchy, V., Hvizdos, P., Dusza, J., Kovac, F., Inam, F., & Reece, M. J. (2013). Wear resistance of Al2O3–CNT ceramic nanocomposites at room and high temperatures. Ceramics International, 39(5), 5821-5826.
Qian, H., Greenhalgh, E. S., Shaffer, M. S., & Bismarck, A. (2010). Carbon nanotube-based hierarchical composites: a review. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 20(23), 4751-4762.
Saba, N., Paridah, M. T., & Jawaid, M. (2015). Mechanical properties of kenaf fibre reinforced polymer composite: A review. Construction and Building materials, 76, 87-96.
Sadjadi, S. (2021). A survey on the effect of plastic pollution in the Great Lakes. Journal of Future Sustainability, 1(1), 5-8.
Sakthivel, P. B., Ravichandran, A., & Alagamurthi, N. (2015). Impact strength of hybrid steel mesh-and-fiber reinforced cementitious composites. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 19(5), 1385-1395.
Saw, S. K., Akhtar, K., Yadav, N., & Singh, A. K. (2014). Hybrid composites made from jute/coir fibers: water absorption, thickness swelling, density, morphology, and mechanical properties. Journal of Natural Fibers, 11(1), 39-53.
Saxena, T., & Chawla, V. K. (2021). Banana leaf fiber-based green composite: an explicit review report. Materials Today: Proceedings, 46, 6618-6624.
Saxena, T., & Chawla, V. K. (2021a). Elastic properties evaluation of banana-hemp fiber-based hybrid composite with nano-titanium oxide filler: Analytical and Simulation Study. Engineering Solid Mechanics, 12(1).
Saxena, T., & Chawla, V. K. (2022). Effect of fiber orientations and their weight percentage on banana fiber-based hybrid composite. Materials Today: Proceedings, 50, 1275-1281.
Saxena T, Chawla VK. (2022a) Evaluation of mechanical properties for banana-carbon fiber reinforced nano-clay epoxy composite using analytical modeling and simulation. Research on Engineering Structures and Materials, 8(4), 773-798.
Saxena, T., & Chawla, V. K. (2024). Evaluation and Analysis of Elastic and Mechanical Characteristics of Hybrid Composite Incorporating Banana Fiber, Kenaf Fiber, and Nano-CaCO3. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 49(11), 15419-15437.
Shankar, B. L., Nagaraj, P. M., & Anil, K. C. (2017). Optimization of wear behaviour of AA8011-Gr composite using Taguchi technique. Materials Today: Proceedings, 4(10), 10739-10745.
Sharma, V., Dhauni, S., & Chawla, V. K. (2021). Design and manufacturing of air intake assembly for formula SAE vehicle. Materials Today: Proceedings, 43, 58-64.
Shen, H. S. (2011). Postbuckling of nanotube-reinforced composite cylindrical shells in thermal environments, Part I: Axially-loaded shells. Composite Structures, 93(8), 2096-2108.
Siakeng, R., Jawaid, M., Ariffin, H., & Sapuan, S. M. (2019). Mechanical, dynamic, and thermomechanical properties of coir/pineapple leaf fiber reinforced polylactic acid hybrid biocomposites. Polymer Composites, 40(5), 2000-2011.
Patnaik, A., & Bhatt, A. D. (2011). Mechanical and dry sliding wear characterization of epoxy–TiO2 particulate filled functionally graded composites materials using Taguchi design of experiment. Materials & Design, 32(2), 615-627.
Siddika, S., Mansura, F., Hasan, M., & Hassan, A. (2014). Effect of reinforcement and chemical treatment of fiber on the properties of jute-coir fiber reinforced hybrid polypropylene composites. Fibers and polymers, 15(5), 1023-1028.
Sudhakara, P., Jagadeesh, D., Wang, Y., Prasad, C. V., Devi, A. K., Balakrishnan, G., ... & Song, J. I. (2013). Fabrication of Borassus fruit lignocellulose fiber/PP composites and comparison with jute, sisal and coir fibers. Carbohydrate polymers, 98(1), 1002-1010.
Srebrenkoska, V., Gaceva, G. B., Avella, M., Ericco, M. E., & Gentile, G. (2009). Utilization of recycled polypropylene for production of eco-composites. Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering, 48(11), 1113-1120.
Symington, M. C., Banks, W. M., West, O. D., & Pethrick, R. A. (2009). Tensile testing of cellulose based natural fibers for structural composite applications. Journal of composite materials, 43(9), 1083-1108.
Treacy, M. J., Ebbesen, T. W., & Gibson, J. M. (1996). Exceptionally high Young's modulus observed for individual carbon nanotubes. nature, 381(6584), 678-680.
Victoria, A., Hine, P. J., Ward, K., & Ries, M. E. (2023). Design of experiments in the optimization of all-cellulose composites. Cellulose, 30(17), 11013-11039.
Vignesh, K., Ramasivam, G., Natarajan, U., & Srinivasan, C. (2016). Optimization of process parameters to enhance the mechanical properties of bone powder and coir fiber reinforced polyester composites by Taguchi method. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 11(2), 1224-1231.
Wetzel, B., Rosso, P., Haupert, F., & Friedrich, K. (2006). Epoxy nanocomposites–fracture and toughening mechanisms. Engineering fracture mechanics, 73(16), 2375-2398.
Yadav, E., & Chawla, V. K. (2024). Role and Significance of Defect Detection Methods for Rotating Machines: An Explicit Literature Review. Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series C, 105(5), 1293-1310.
Yadav, E., Chawla, V. K., Angra, S., & Yadav, S. (2025). The fault diagnosis of different rotating machine elements by using infrared thermography images and extended adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system: an experimental evaluation. MAPAN, 40(3), 731-749.
Yadav, E., & Chawla, V. K. (2025a). The Temperature-Assisted Defect Detection in Rotating Machinery by Using Infrared Thermography Integrated Modified Artificial Neural Network-Based Image Processing: A Step Towards Futuristic Metrology. MAPAN, 1-19.
Yadav, E., & Chawla, V. K. (2025b). Defect detection in rotating machine elements by using a three-stage infrared thermography and modified local binary pattern method. Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering, 31(3), 398-418.
Yang, H., Yan, R., Chen, H., Lee, D. H., & Zheng, C. (2007). Characteristics of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin pyrolysis. Fuel, 86(12-13), 1781-1788.
Yusoff, R. B., Takagi, H., & Nakagaito, A. N. (2016). Tensile and flexural properties of polylactic acid-based hybrid green composites reinforced by kenaf, bamboo and coir fibers. Industrial crops and products, 94, 562-573.
Zainudin, E. S., Yan, L. H., Haniffah, W. H., Jawaid, M., & Alothman, O. Y. (2014). Effect of coir fiber loading on mechanical and morphological properties of oil palm fibers reinforced polypropylene composites. Polymer Composites, 35(7), 1418-1425.
Zaman, H. U., & Beg, M. D. H. (2014). Preparation, structure, and properties of the coir fiber/polypropylene composites. Journal of Composite Materials, 48(26), 3293-3301.
Zhang, J., & Jiang, D. (2011). Interconnected multi-walled carbon nanotubes reinforced polymer-matrix composites. Composites Science and Technology, 71(4), 466-470.
Zhang, L., & Hu, Y. (2014). Novel lignocellulosic hybrid particleboard composites made from rice straws and coir fibers. Materials & Design, 55, 19-26.