How to cite this paper
Kumar, R & Maji, S. (2016). Force transducers – A review of design and metrological issues.Engineering Solid Mechanics, 4(2), 81-90.
Refrences
Andrae, J., Hons, C., & Sawla, A. (2003). High precision force transducer with new method for online compensation of parasitic effects. Measurement, 33(2), 173-178.
Chen, B., Wu, X., & Peng, X. (2007). Finite element analysis of ring strain sensor. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 139(1), 66-69.
Dhawan, J. K, Jain, K. K, Titus, S. S. K & Kumar, R., (2004). Design, development and characterization of 5 kN force gauge. MAPAN-Journal of Metrology Society of India, 19(1-2) 61-67.
Fank, S., & Demirkol, M. (2006). Effect of microstructure on the hysteresis performance of force transducers using AISI 4340 steel spring material. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 126(1), 25-32.
Field, C. & Beams, D. M, (2005). Project – GUISE, Introduction to strain gauges, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas at Tyler, 1-7.
ISO, E. 376 (2011). Metallic materials. Calibration of force-proving instruments used for the verification of uniaxial testing machines (ISO 376: 2011).
IS 4169 (2014). Metallic materials – Calibration of force proving instruments used for verification of uniaxial testing machines (Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India).
Joo, J. W., Na, K. S., & Kang, D. I. (2002). Design and evaluation of a six-component load cell. Measurement, 32(2), 125-133.
Wise, K. D. (2007). Integrated sensors, MEMS, and microsystems: Reflections on a fantastic voyage. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 136(1), 39-50.
Kim, J. H., Kang, D. I., Shin, H. H., & Park, Y. K. (2003). Design and analysis of a column type multi-component force/moment sensor. Measurement, 33(3), 213-219.
Kumar, H., & Kumar, A. (2011). Investigations on measurement uncertainty and long term stability of dial gauged force proving instruments, NCSL International Measure Journal, 6, 64-68.
Kumar, H., & Sharma, C. (2012). Role of finite element analysis in improving hysteresis error of force transducers. Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control, 34 (8), 1019-1024.
Marlowe D. E., (1975). A study of the national force measurement system, National Bureau of Standards, USA.
M?uselein, S., Mack, O., Schwartz, R., & J?ger, G. (2009). Investigations of new silicon load cells with thin-film strain gauges. In XIX IMEKO World Congress, Fundamental and Applied Metrology.
M?uselein, S., Mack, O., Schwartz, R., & J?ger, G. (2008). Single crystalline sensors with thin-film strain gauges for force measurement and weighing technology, Proc. of International Conference on Precision Measurement, Ilmenau.
Pal, B., Kumar, A., Madan, S., Ahmad, S., & Govil, A. K. (2010). Establishment of traceability for strain measuring data acquisition system in terms of voltage. MAPAN-Journal of Metrology Society of India, 25(2), 125-128.
Park, Y. K & Kang, D. I, (2005). Build-Up Force-Measuring System and its Applications, MAPAN-Journal of Metrology Society of India, 20(3), 223-229.
Pusa A, (2005). Long-Term Observation of Force Transfer Transducers as a Tool to Confirm the Measurement Capability of Force Standard Machines, MAPAN-Journal of Metrology Society of India, 20(3), 231-237.
Robinson, G. M. (1997). Finite element modelling of load cell hysteresis. Measurement, 20(2), 103-107.
Schwind, D., & Hahn, T. (2009). Investigation of the influence of carrier frequency of direct current voltage in force calibrations. In Proc. of XIX IMEKO World Congress (pp. 201-204).
Stefanescu, D. M., Dolga, L., & Marinescu, A. (2003). Parametrical modeling of the strain gauged force and/or pressure transducer. Proc. of XVII IMEKO World Congress, Dubrovnik, Croatia.
Stefanescu, D. M. (2006). N-shaped axisymmetric elastic elements for strain gauged force transducers. Proc. of XVIII IMEKO World Congress, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
?tef?nescu, D. M. (2007). Strain gauged elastic elements for force and related quantities measurement. In CD Proc. IMEKO Int’l Conf. Cultivating Metrological Knowledge, Merida, Mexico, November (pp. 27-30).
Chen, B., Wu, X., & Peng, X. (2007). Finite element analysis of ring strain sensor. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 139(1), 66-69.
Dhawan, J. K, Jain, K. K, Titus, S. S. K & Kumar, R., (2004). Design, development and characterization of 5 kN force gauge. MAPAN-Journal of Metrology Society of India, 19(1-2) 61-67.
Fank, S., & Demirkol, M. (2006). Effect of microstructure on the hysteresis performance of force transducers using AISI 4340 steel spring material. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 126(1), 25-32.
Field, C. & Beams, D. M, (2005). Project – GUISE, Introduction to strain gauges, Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Texas at Tyler, 1-7.
ISO, E. 376 (2011). Metallic materials. Calibration of force-proving instruments used for the verification of uniaxial testing machines (ISO 376: 2011).
IS 4169 (2014). Metallic materials – Calibration of force proving instruments used for verification of uniaxial testing machines (Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India).
Joo, J. W., Na, K. S., & Kang, D. I. (2002). Design and evaluation of a six-component load cell. Measurement, 32(2), 125-133.
Wise, K. D. (2007). Integrated sensors, MEMS, and microsystems: Reflections on a fantastic voyage. Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 136(1), 39-50.
Kim, J. H., Kang, D. I., Shin, H. H., & Park, Y. K. (2003). Design and analysis of a column type multi-component force/moment sensor. Measurement, 33(3), 213-219.
Kumar, H., & Kumar, A. (2011). Investigations on measurement uncertainty and long term stability of dial gauged force proving instruments, NCSL International Measure Journal, 6, 64-68.
Kumar, H., & Sharma, C. (2012). Role of finite element analysis in improving hysteresis error of force transducers. Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control, 34 (8), 1019-1024.
Marlowe D. E., (1975). A study of the national force measurement system, National Bureau of Standards, USA.
M?uselein, S., Mack, O., Schwartz, R., & J?ger, G. (2009). Investigations of new silicon load cells with thin-film strain gauges. In XIX IMEKO World Congress, Fundamental and Applied Metrology.
M?uselein, S., Mack, O., Schwartz, R., & J?ger, G. (2008). Single crystalline sensors with thin-film strain gauges for force measurement and weighing technology, Proc. of International Conference on Precision Measurement, Ilmenau.
Pal, B., Kumar, A., Madan, S., Ahmad, S., & Govil, A. K. (2010). Establishment of traceability for strain measuring data acquisition system in terms of voltage. MAPAN-Journal of Metrology Society of India, 25(2), 125-128.
Park, Y. K & Kang, D. I, (2005). Build-Up Force-Measuring System and its Applications, MAPAN-Journal of Metrology Society of India, 20(3), 223-229.
Pusa A, (2005). Long-Term Observation of Force Transfer Transducers as a Tool to Confirm the Measurement Capability of Force Standard Machines, MAPAN-Journal of Metrology Society of India, 20(3), 231-237.
Robinson, G. M. (1997). Finite element modelling of load cell hysteresis. Measurement, 20(2), 103-107.
Schwind, D., & Hahn, T. (2009). Investigation of the influence of carrier frequency of direct current voltage in force calibrations. In Proc. of XIX IMEKO World Congress (pp. 201-204).
Stefanescu, D. M., Dolga, L., & Marinescu, A. (2003). Parametrical modeling of the strain gauged force and/or pressure transducer. Proc. of XVII IMEKO World Congress, Dubrovnik, Croatia.
Stefanescu, D. M. (2006). N-shaped axisymmetric elastic elements for strain gauged force transducers. Proc. of XVIII IMEKO World Congress, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
?tef?nescu, D. M. (2007). Strain gauged elastic elements for force and related quantities measurement. In CD Proc. IMEKO Int’l Conf. Cultivating Metrological Knowledge, Merida, Mexico, November (pp. 27-30).