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How to cite this paper
APA: Wahyuni, S., Siregar, H., Rustiadi, E & Pravitasari, A. (2025). Prioritizing regional development strategies of free trade zone (FTZ) using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) approach: A case study of Batam, Bintan, and Karimun (BBK), Riau islands province, Indonesia. Decision Science Letters, 14(4), 899-908.
Chicago/Turabian: Wahyuni, S., Siregar, H., Rustiadi, E & Pravitasari, A. 2025. "Prioritizing regional development strategies of free trade zone (FTZ) using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) approach: A case study of Batam, Bintan, and Karimun (BBK), Riau islands province, Indonesia." Decision Science Letters 14, no. 4 (2025): 899-908.
AMA: Wahyuni, S., Siregar, H., Rustiadi, E & Pravitasari, A. Prioritizing regional development strategies of free trade zone (FTZ) using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) approach: A case study of Batam, Bintan, and Karimun (BBK), Riau islands province, Indonesia. Decision Science Letters. 2025;14(4):899-908.
References
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Alansary, O.S., & Al-Ansari, T. (2023). Developing a Strategic Sustainability Assessment Methodology for Free Zones Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process Approach. Sustainability, 15, 9921. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15139921
Aritenang, A.F. (2020). The Continuity of Batam Importance to the Development of BBK Region: A Regional Economic Perspective. Paper presented at 6th International Conference on Social and Political Sciences (ICOSAPS 2020), Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research. 510. Published by Atlantis Press.
Aydiner, C., Sen, U., Koseoglu-Imer, D. Y., & Can Dogan, E. (2016). Hierarchical prioritization of Innovative Treatment Systems for sustainable dairy wastewater management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 112, 4605–4617. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.08.107
Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal (BKPM). (2017). Indonesian Government’s Support on Riau Islands province and Batam, Bintan, Karimun (BBK) Free Trade Zone. https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/governments-support-on-bbk-ftz-final/71483291
Bappenas. (2024). Ringkasan Rancangan Awal RPJMN 2025-2029.
Batamnewsasia. (2024). Indonesia Launches masterplan for Batam, Bintan, and Karimun Free Trade Zone. https://batamnewsasia.com/2024/02/21/indonesia-launches-master-plan-for-batam-bintan-and-karimun-free-trade-zones/
Bost, F. (2019). Special economic zones: methodological issues and definition. Transnational corporations journal, 26(2).
Chen, J., Wan, Z., Zhang, F., Park, N.K., Zheng, A., & Zhao, J. (2018). Evaluation and Comparison of the Development Performances of Typical Free Trade Port Zones in China. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 118, 506–526.
Chiu, R.H., Lin, L.H., & Ting, S.C. (2014). Evaluation of Green Port Factors and Performance: A Fuzzy AHP Analysis. Mathematical Problems in Engeering, 802976.
Chiu, R.H., Lirn, T.C., Li, C.Y., Lu, B.Y., & Shang, K.C. (2011). An Evaluation of Free Trade Port Zone in Taiwan. The Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics, 27, 423–445.
Damuri, Y.R., Christian, D., & Atje, R. (2015). Special and Strategic Economic Zones in Indonesia: A review of opportunities and issues (Indonesian). Centre for Strategic and International Studies, Jakarta.
Farole, T. (2013). The Internal Geography of Trade: Lagging Regions and Global Markets. World Bank Publications.
Giri, S., & Nejadhashemi, A. P. (2014). Application of analytical hierarchy process for effective selection of agricultural best management practices. Journal of Environmental Management, 132, 165–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jenvman.2013.10.021
Harefa, M. (2013). Economic Growth Structure and Potential Sectors of Batam City and Karimun Regency, Riau Islands Province (Indonesian). Jurnal Ekonomi & Kebijakan Publik, 4(2), 175-193.
Hsu, W.K.K., Huang, S.H.S., & Huynh, N.T. (2021). An Evaluation Model for Foreign Direct Investment Performance of Free Trade Port Zones. Promet-Traffic Transp.-Traffic-Traffico, 33, 859–870.
Khan, A. U., & Ali, Y. (2020). Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) And Analytic Network Process Methods and Their Applications: A Twenty-Year Review From 2000-2019. International Journal of the Analytic Hierarchy Process, 12(3), 369–459.
Kurttila, M., Pesonen, M., Kangas, J., & Kajanus, M. (2000). Utilizing the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in SWOT Analysis — A Hybrid Method and its application to a forest-certification case. Forest Policy and Economics, 1(1), 41–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1389- 9341(99)00004-0
Kwatra, S., Kumar, A., Sharma, S., & Sharma, P. (2021). Stakeholder Participation In Prioritising Sustainability Issues At The Regional Level Using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique: A Case Study Of Goa, India. Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, 11, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indic.2021.100116.
Lirn, T.C., Jim Wu, Y.C., & Chen, Y.J. (2013). Green Performance Criteria for Sustainable Ports in Asia. International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, 43, 427–451.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2021). Independent study to optimize the development of the free trade zone and free port (Indonesian). Policy Brief, 7(4).
Mu, E., & Pereyra-Rojas, M. (2018). Practical Decision Making Using Super Decisions v3. An Introduction to the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Pittsburgh: Springer.
Nijkamp, P., & Abreu, M. (2009). Regional Development Theory. International Encyclopedia of Human Geography, 202–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-008044910-4.00869-5
OECD. (2016). OECD Economic Surveys: Indonesia 2016. OECD Publishing, Paris. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/eco_surveys-idn-2016-en
OECD. (2018). Rethinking Regional Development Policymaking. OECD Multi-level Governance Studies, OECD Publishing, Paris. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264293014-en
Presidential Regulation No. 1 of 2024 concerning KPBPB Development Master Plan.
Raco, J.R., Raton, Y., Krejci, J.V., Timbuleng, J.A., & Rottie, R. (2023). Strategic Priority of Students’ Online Buying Behaviour in The Pandemic Era. Jurnal Manajemen, 27(1), 144–168. https://doi.org/10.24912/jm.v27i1.1077
Ria, M. D., Siregar, H., & Bratakusumah, D. S. (2016). Analysis of the Effect of Bureaucratic Reform on Local Government Performance: Case Study in West Java Provincial Government. Civil Service, 10(1), 51-67.
Rimantho, D., & Sulandri, U. (2022). Decision Analysis Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Method (Indonesian). Bogor: IPB Press.
Rustiadi, E., Saefulhakim, S., & Panuju, D. R. (2017). Regional Planning and Development (Indonesian). Second edition. Jakarta: Crespent Press dan Yayasan Obor Indonesia.
Saaty, R.W. (1987). The Analytic Hierarchy Process—What It Is and How It Is Used. Mathematical Modeling, 9, 161–176.
Saaty, T.L., & Vargas, L.G. 2012. Models, Methods, Concepts & Applications of the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Volume 175. New York: Springer.
Sengar, V.S., Garg, C.P., & Raju, T.B. (2018). Assessment of Sustainable Initiatives in Indian Ports Using AHP Framework. International Journal of Business Excellence, 16, 110–126.
Sjafrizal. (2018). Regional Economic Analysis and its Application in Indonesia (Indonesian). Depok: Rajawali Pers
Tongco, M. D. C. (2007). Purposive sampling as a tool for informant selection. Ethnobotany Research & Applications, 5, 147–158. https://doi.org/10.17348/era.5.0.147-158
UNCTAD. (2019). World Investment Report 2019: Special Economic Zones, Key Messages and Overview. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. https://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/wir2019_en.Pdf.
Vidaurri, F. (2015). Indonesia’s Growing Special Economic Zones – Opportunities and Challenges, ASEAN Briefing, 28 October.
Wade, R. H. (2003). What Strategies Are Viable for Developing Countries Today? The World Trade Organization and the Shrinking of “Development Space.” Review of International Political Economy, 10(4), 621–644. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4177479
Wan, C., Zhang, D., Yan, X., & Yang, Z. (2017). A Novel Model for the Quantitative Evaluation of Green Port Development—A Case Study of Major Ports in China. Transp. Res. Part D Transp. Environ, 61, 431–443.
Wang, S., & Cai, X. (2019). Analysis of Policy Tools for the Governance of Streamlining Administration and Delegating Power, Improving Regulation, and Upgrading Services in China’s Pilot Tree Trade Zones. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 357, 288-295. Paper presented at 2nd International Conference on Education, Economics and Social Science (ICEESS 2019).
Winardi, W., Priyarsono, D. S., Siregar, H, & Kustanto, H. (2019). Role Of Industrial Estate In Overcoming Deindustrialization (Indonesian). Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia, 1(5). https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/jepi/vol19/iss1/5
Winardi, W., Priyarsono, D. S., Siregar, H., & Kustanto, H. (2017). Performance of the Manufacturing Industry Sector in West Java Province Based on Location in and Outside the Industrial Estate (Indonesian). Journal of Technology Management, 16(3), 241-257. https//doi.org//10.12695/jmt.2017.16.3.2
Wiryawan, B.A. (2016). Addressing Innovation Competitiveness of Batam Free Trade Zone: What Went Wrong? Paper presented at International Conference on Social and Political Issues (the 1st ICSP, 2016) “Knowledge and Social Transformation”, KnE Social Science, pp. 104-114.
Yealta, D. (2015). Implications of Free Trade Zones on Indonesia's Economic Growth (Indonesian). Jurnal Transnasional, 7(1).
Yuliani, F., Siregar, H., Widyastutik, & Rifin, A. (2019). The Impact of Vertical and Horizontal FDI on Value Added of 18 Domestic Food Industry Subsectors (Indonesian). Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan, 13(2), 233-258. https://doi.org/10.30908/bilp.v13i2.422
Zeng, D.Z. (2021). The Past, Present, and Future of Special Economic Zones and Their Impact. Journal of International Economic Law, 24(2), 259-275. https://doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgab014
Alansary, O.S., & Al-Ansari, T. (2023). Developing a Strategic Sustainability Assessment Methodology for Free Zones Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process Approach. Sustainability, 15, 9921. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15139921
Aritenang, A.F. (2020). The Continuity of Batam Importance to the Development of BBK Region: A Regional Economic Perspective. Paper presented at 6th International Conference on Social and Political Sciences (ICOSAPS 2020), Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research. 510. Published by Atlantis Press.
Aydiner, C., Sen, U., Koseoglu-Imer, D. Y., & Can Dogan, E. (2016). Hierarchical prioritization of Innovative Treatment Systems for sustainable dairy wastewater management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 112, 4605–4617. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.08.107
Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal (BKPM). (2017). Indonesian Government’s Support on Riau Islands province and Batam, Bintan, Karimun (BBK) Free Trade Zone. https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/governments-support-on-bbk-ftz-final/71483291
Bappenas. (2024). Ringkasan Rancangan Awal RPJMN 2025-2029.
Batamnewsasia. (2024). Indonesia Launches masterplan for Batam, Bintan, and Karimun Free Trade Zone. https://batamnewsasia.com/2024/02/21/indonesia-launches-master-plan-for-batam-bintan-and-karimun-free-trade-zones/
Bost, F. (2019). Special economic zones: methodological issues and definition. Transnational corporations journal, 26(2).
Chen, J., Wan, Z., Zhang, F., Park, N.K., Zheng, A., & Zhao, J. (2018). Evaluation and Comparison of the Development Performances of Typical Free Trade Port Zones in China. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 118, 506–526.
Chiu, R.H., Lin, L.H., & Ting, S.C. (2014). Evaluation of Green Port Factors and Performance: A Fuzzy AHP Analysis. Mathematical Problems in Engeering, 802976.
Chiu, R.H., Lirn, T.C., Li, C.Y., Lu, B.Y., & Shang, K.C. (2011). An Evaluation of Free Trade Port Zone in Taiwan. The Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics, 27, 423–445.
Damuri, Y.R., Christian, D., & Atje, R. (2015). Special and Strategic Economic Zones in Indonesia: A review of opportunities and issues (Indonesian). Centre for Strategic and International Studies, Jakarta.
Farole, T. (2013). The Internal Geography of Trade: Lagging Regions and Global Markets. World Bank Publications.
Giri, S., & Nejadhashemi, A. P. (2014). Application of analytical hierarchy process for effective selection of agricultural best management practices. Journal of Environmental Management, 132, 165–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. jenvman.2013.10.021
Harefa, M. (2013). Economic Growth Structure and Potential Sectors of Batam City and Karimun Regency, Riau Islands Province (Indonesian). Jurnal Ekonomi & Kebijakan Publik, 4(2), 175-193.
Hsu, W.K.K., Huang, S.H.S., & Huynh, N.T. (2021). An Evaluation Model for Foreign Direct Investment Performance of Free Trade Port Zones. Promet-Traffic Transp.-Traffic-Traffico, 33, 859–870.
Khan, A. U., & Ali, Y. (2020). Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) And Analytic Network Process Methods and Their Applications: A Twenty-Year Review From 2000-2019. International Journal of the Analytic Hierarchy Process, 12(3), 369–459.
Kurttila, M., Pesonen, M., Kangas, J., & Kajanus, M. (2000). Utilizing the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in SWOT Analysis — A Hybrid Method and its application to a forest-certification case. Forest Policy and Economics, 1(1), 41–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1389- 9341(99)00004-0
Kwatra, S., Kumar, A., Sharma, S., & Sharma, P. (2021). Stakeholder Participation In Prioritising Sustainability Issues At The Regional Level Using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique: A Case Study Of Goa, India. Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, 11, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indic.2021.100116.
Lirn, T.C., Jim Wu, Y.C., & Chen, Y.J. (2013). Green Performance Criteria for Sustainable Ports in Asia. International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, 43, 427–451.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2021). Independent study to optimize the development of the free trade zone and free port (Indonesian). Policy Brief, 7(4).
Mu, E., & Pereyra-Rojas, M. (2018). Practical Decision Making Using Super Decisions v3. An Introduction to the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Pittsburgh: Springer.
Nijkamp, P., & Abreu, M. (2009). Regional Development Theory. International Encyclopedia of Human Geography, 202–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-008044910-4.00869-5
OECD. (2016). OECD Economic Surveys: Indonesia 2016. OECD Publishing, Paris. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/eco_surveys-idn-2016-en
OECD. (2018). Rethinking Regional Development Policymaking. OECD Multi-level Governance Studies, OECD Publishing, Paris. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264293014-en
Presidential Regulation No. 1 of 2024 concerning KPBPB Development Master Plan.
Raco, J.R., Raton, Y., Krejci, J.V., Timbuleng, J.A., & Rottie, R. (2023). Strategic Priority of Students’ Online Buying Behaviour in The Pandemic Era. Jurnal Manajemen, 27(1), 144–168. https://doi.org/10.24912/jm.v27i1.1077
Ria, M. D., Siregar, H., & Bratakusumah, D. S. (2016). Analysis of the Effect of Bureaucratic Reform on Local Government Performance: Case Study in West Java Provincial Government. Civil Service, 10(1), 51-67.
Rimantho, D., & Sulandri, U. (2022). Decision Analysis Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Method (Indonesian). Bogor: IPB Press.
Rustiadi, E., Saefulhakim, S., & Panuju, D. R. (2017). Regional Planning and Development (Indonesian). Second edition. Jakarta: Crespent Press dan Yayasan Obor Indonesia.
Saaty, R.W. (1987). The Analytic Hierarchy Process—What It Is and How It Is Used. Mathematical Modeling, 9, 161–176.
Saaty, T.L., & Vargas, L.G. 2012. Models, Methods, Concepts & Applications of the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Volume 175. New York: Springer.
Sengar, V.S., Garg, C.P., & Raju, T.B. (2018). Assessment of Sustainable Initiatives in Indian Ports Using AHP Framework. International Journal of Business Excellence, 16, 110–126.
Sjafrizal. (2018). Regional Economic Analysis and its Application in Indonesia (Indonesian). Depok: Rajawali Pers
Tongco, M. D. C. (2007). Purposive sampling as a tool for informant selection. Ethnobotany Research & Applications, 5, 147–158. https://doi.org/10.17348/era.5.0.147-158
UNCTAD. (2019). World Investment Report 2019: Special Economic Zones, Key Messages and Overview. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. https://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/wir2019_en.Pdf.
Vidaurri, F. (2015). Indonesia’s Growing Special Economic Zones – Opportunities and Challenges, ASEAN Briefing, 28 October.
Wade, R. H. (2003). What Strategies Are Viable for Developing Countries Today? The World Trade Organization and the Shrinking of “Development Space.” Review of International Political Economy, 10(4), 621–644. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4177479
Wan, C., Zhang, D., Yan, X., & Yang, Z. (2017). A Novel Model for the Quantitative Evaluation of Green Port Development—A Case Study of Major Ports in China. Transp. Res. Part D Transp. Environ, 61, 431–443.
Wang, S., & Cai, X. (2019). Analysis of Policy Tools for the Governance of Streamlining Administration and Delegating Power, Improving Regulation, and Upgrading Services in China’s Pilot Tree Trade Zones. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 357, 288-295. Paper presented at 2nd International Conference on Education, Economics and Social Science (ICEESS 2019).
Winardi, W., Priyarsono, D. S., Siregar, H, & Kustanto, H. (2019). Role Of Industrial Estate In Overcoming Deindustrialization (Indonesian). Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia, 1(5). https://scholarhub.ui.ac.id/jepi/vol19/iss1/5
Winardi, W., Priyarsono, D. S., Siregar, H., & Kustanto, H. (2017). Performance of the Manufacturing Industry Sector in West Java Province Based on Location in and Outside the Industrial Estate (Indonesian). Journal of Technology Management, 16(3), 241-257. https//doi.org//10.12695/jmt.2017.16.3.2
Wiryawan, B.A. (2016). Addressing Innovation Competitiveness of Batam Free Trade Zone: What Went Wrong? Paper presented at International Conference on Social and Political Issues (the 1st ICSP, 2016) “Knowledge and Social Transformation”, KnE Social Science, pp. 104-114.
Yealta, D. (2015). Implications of Free Trade Zones on Indonesia's Economic Growth (Indonesian). Jurnal Transnasional, 7(1).
Yuliani, F., Siregar, H., Widyastutik, & Rifin, A. (2019). The Impact of Vertical and Horizontal FDI on Value Added of 18 Domestic Food Industry Subsectors (Indonesian). Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan, 13(2), 233-258. https://doi.org/10.30908/bilp.v13i2.422
Zeng, D.Z. (2021). The Past, Present, and Future of Special Economic Zones and Their Impact. Journal of International Economic Law, 24(2), 259-275. https://doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgab014