How to cite this paper
Meniz, B & Tiryaki, F. (2024). Genetic algorithm approach to asymmetric capacitated vehicle routing: A case study on bread distribution in Istanbul, Türkiye.Decision Science Letters , 13(3), 605-616.
Refrences
Affenzeller, M., Wagner, S., Winkler, S., & Beham, A. (2009). Genetic algorithms and genetic programming: modern concepts and practical applications, CRC Press.
Ahmed, Z. H., Al-Otaibi, N., Al-Tameem, A., & Saudagar, A. K. J. (2023). Genetic crossover operators for the capacitated vehicle routing problem. Computers, Materials & Continua, 74, 1575–1605.
Akin Bas, S., & Ahlatcioglu Ozkok, B. (2023). Green vehicle routing model via linear fractional programming: a retail case study for Marmara region, Türkiye. International Journal of Industrial Engineering: Theory, Applications and Practice, 30(4), 933–940.
Alesiani, F., Ermis, G., & Gkiotsalitis, K. (2022). Constrained clustering for the capacitated vehicle routing problem (cc-cvrp). Applied Artificial Intelligence, 36(1), 1995658.
Ansari, S., & Alnajjar, K. A. (2023). Multi-hop genetic-algorithm-optimized routing technique in diffusion-based molecular communication. IEEE Access, 11, 22689–22704.
Baker, B. M., & Ayechew, M. A. (2003). A genetic algorithm for the vehicle routing problem. Computers & Operations Research, 30(5), 787–800.
Bǎrbulescu, A., Şerban, C., & Caramihai, S. (2021). Assessing the soil pollution using a genetic algorithm. Romanian Journal of Physics, 66, 806.
Caccetta, L., & Hill, S. (2001). Branch and cut methods for network optimization. Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 33(4-5), 517–532.
Cai, Y., Lin, Z., Cheng, M., Liu, P., & Zhou, Y. (2024). Solving multi-objective vehicle routing problems with time windows: A decomposition-based multiform optimization approach. Tsinghua Science and Technology, 29(2), 305–324.
Chen, L., Chen, Y., & Langevin, A. (2021a). An inverse optimization approach for a capacitated vehicle routing problem. European Journal of Operational Research, 295(3), 1087–1098.
Chen, S.-M., Zhang, J.-H. (2021b). Genetic algorithm in data mining of colorectal images. Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine, 2021, 1087–1098.
Chu, P. C., & Beasley, J. E. (1997). A genetic algorithm for the generalised assignment problem. Computers & Operations Research, 24(1), 17–23.
Clarke, G., & Wright, J. W. (1964). Scheduling of vehicles from a central depot to a number of delivery points. Operations Research, 12(4), 568–581.
Comert, S. E., & Yazgan, H. R. (2021). Effective cluster-first route-second approaches using metaheuristic algorithms for the capacitated vehicle routing problem, International Journal of Industrial Engineering: Theory, Applications and Practice, 28(1), 14–38.
Damião, C. M., Silva, J. M. P., & Uchoa, E. (2023). A branch-cut-and-price algorithm for the cumulative capacitated vehicle routing problem. 4OR, 21, 47–71.
Dang, Y. (2022). Mobile education system based on genetic algorithm. Mobile Information Systems, 2022, 8549357.
Dantzig, G. B., & Ramser, J. H. (1959). The truck dispatching problem. Management Science, 6(1), 80–91.
Davis, L. (1985). Applying adaptive algorithms to epistatic domains. Proceedings of the 9th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Los Angeles California, United States.
Deb, K., Pratap, A., Agarwal, S., & Meyarivan, T. (2002). A fast and elitist multiobjective genetic algorithm: NSGA-II. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 6(2), 182–197.
Dubois, F., Renaud-Goud, P., & Stolf, P. (2022). Capacitated vehicle routing problem under deadlines: An application to flooding crisis. IEEE Access, 10, 45629–45642.
Endler, K. D., Scarpin, C. T., Steiner, M. T., & Choueiri, A. C. (2023). Systematic review of the latest scientific publications on the vehicle routing problem. Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research, 2250046.
Goldberg, D. E. (1989). Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization, and Machine Learning, Addison-Wesley.
Goldberg, D. E., & Lingle, R. (1985). Alleles, loci, and the traveling salesman problem, Proceedings of the First International Conference on Genetic Algorithms, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, United States.
Golden, B., Oden, E., & Raghavan, S. (2023). The rendezvous vehicle routing problem. Optimization Letters, 17(8), 1711–1738.
Gümüş, T. E., Aksoy Tırmıkçı, C., Yavuz, C., Yalçın, M. A., & Turan, M. (2021). Power loss minimization for distribution networks with load tap changing using genetic algorithm and environmental impact analysis. Tehnički Vjesnik, 28(6), 1927–1935.
Holland, J. H. (1975). Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems: An Introductory Analysis with Applications to Biology, Control, and Artificial Intelligence, University of Michigan press.
Horng, S., & Yenradee, P. (2023). Delivery service management system using Google Maps for SMEs in emerging countries. Computers, Materials & Continua, 75(3), 6119–6143.
Hvattum, L. M. (2022). Adjusting the order crossover operator for capacitated vehicle routing problems. Computers & Operations Research, 148, 105986.
Karakatič, S. (2021). Optimizing nonlinear charging times of electric vehicle routing with genetic algorithm. Expert Systems with Applications, 164, 114039.
Karambasti, B. M., Naghashzadegan, M., Ghodrat, M., Ghorbani, G., Simorangkir, R. B., & Lalbakhsh, A. (2022). Optimal solar greenhouses design using multiobjective genetic algorithm. IEEE Access, 10, 73728–73742.
Karels, V. C., Rei, W., Veelenturf, L. P., & Van Woensel, T. (2024). A vehicle routing problem with multiple service agreements. European Journal of Operational Research, 313(1), 129–145.
Kargupta, H., Deb, K., & Goldberg, D. E. (1992). Ordering genetic algorithms and deception. Parallel Problem Solving from Nature, 2, 49–58.
Katoch, S., Chauhan, S. S., & Kumar, V. (2021). A review on genetic algorithm: past, present, and future. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 80, 8091–8126.
Kramer, O. (2017). Genetic Algorithms Essentials, Springer.
Krishna, P. S., & Rao, P. G. K. (2024). Fractional-order PID controller for blood pressure regulation using genetic algorithm. Biomedical Signal Processing and Control, 88, 105564.
Laporte, G. (1992). The vehicle routing problem: An overview of exact and approximate algorithms. European Journal of Operational Research, 59(3), 345–358.
Laporte, G., Mercure, H., & Nobert, Y. (1986). An exact algorithm for the asymmetrical capacitated vehicle routing problem. Networks, 16(1), 33–46.
Lera-Romero, G., Bront, J. J. M., & Soulignac, F. J. (2024). A branch-cut-and-price algorithm for the time-dependent electric vehicle routing problem with time windows. European Journal of Operational Research, 312(3), 978–995.
Lesch, V., König, M., Kounev, S., Stein, A., & Krupitzer, C. (2022). Tackling the rich vehicle routing problem with nature- inspired algorithms. Applied Intelligence, 52(8), 9476–9500.
Lopez-Rincon, O., Starostenko, O., & Lopez-Rincon, A. (2022). Algorithmic music generation by harmony recombination with genetic algorithm. Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, 42(5), 4411–4423.
Luo, T., Sun, J., Zhang, G., Li, Z., & Li, C. (2023). Analysis of influencing factors of green building energy consumption based on genetic algorithm. Tehnički Vjesnik, 30(5), 1486–1495.
Ma, B., Hu, D., Chen, X., Wang, Y., & Wu, X. (2021). The vehicle routing problem with speed optimization for shared autonomous electric vehicles service. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 161, 107614.
Mahlous, A. R., & Mahlous, H. (2023). Student timetabling genetic algorithm accounting for student preferences. PeerJ Computer Science, 9, e1200.
MazhariSefat, B., & Hosseini, S. (2023). Social network security using genetic algorithm. Evolving Systems, 14(2), 175–190.
Mitchell, M. (1998). An Introduction to Genetic Algorithms, MIT press.
Mrad, M., Bamatraf, K., Alkahtani, M., & Hidri, L. (2023). A genetic algorithm for the integrated warehouse location, allocation and vehicle routing problem in a pooled transportation system. International Journal of Industrial Engineering: Theory, Applications and Practice, 30(3), 852–875.
Mühlenbein, H., Schomisch, M., & Born, J. (1991). The parallel genetic algorithm as function optimizer. Parallel Computing, 17(6-7), 619–632.
Ni, Q., & Tang, Y. (2023). A bibliometric visualized analysis and classification of vehicle routing problem research. Sustainability, 15(9), 7394.
Oliver, I., Smith, D. J., & Holland, J. R. (1987). Study of permutation crossover operators on the traveling salesman problem, Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Genetic Algorithms on Genetic algorithms and their application, Cambridge Massachusetts, United States.
Osyczka, A., & Kundu, S. (1995). A new method to solve generalized multicriteria optimization problems using the simple genetic algorithm. Structural Optimization, 10, 94–99.
Ozcetin, E., Ozturk, G., Ozturk, Z. K., Kasimbeyli, R., & Kasimbeyli, N. (2023). A decision support system for consolidated distribution of a ceramic sanitary ware company. Expert Systems with Applications, 213, 118785.
Prins, C. (2004). A simple and effective evolutionary algorithm for the vehicle routing problem. Computers & Operations Research, 31(12), 1985–2002.
Ragab, M., Altalbe, A., Al-Malaise ALGhamdi, A. S., Abdel-khalek, S., & Saeed, R. A. (2022). A drones optimal path planning based on swarm intelligence algorithms. Computers, Materials & Continua, 72(1), 365–380.
Sajid, M., Singh, J., Haidri, R. A., Prasad, M., Varadarajan, V., Kotecha, K., & Garg, D. (2021). A novel algorithm for capacitated vehicle routing problem for smart cities. Symmetry, 13(10), 1923.
Sathya, M., Jeyaselvi, M., Joshi, S., Pandey, E., Pareek, P. K., Jamal, S. S., Kumar, V., & Atiglah, H. K. (2022). Cancer categorization using genetic algorithm to identify biomarker genes. Journal of Healthcare Engineering, 2022, 5821938.
Savelsbergh, M. W., & Sol, M. (1995). The general pickup and delivery problem. Transportation Science, 29(1), 17–29.
Sbai, I., Krichen, S., & Limam, O. (2022). Two meta-heuristics for solving the capacitated vehicle routing problem: the case of the Tunisian Post Office. Operational Research, 22, 507–549.
Sivanandam, S., & Deepa, S. (2008). Introduction to Genetic Algorithms, Springer.
Souza, I. P., Boeres, M. C. S., & Moraes, R. E. N. (2023). A robust algorithm based on differential evolution with local search for the capacitated vehicle routing problem. Swarm and Evolutionary Computation, 77, 101245.
Tan, S.-Y., & Yeh, W.-C. (2021). The vehicle routing problem: State-of-the-art classification and review. Applied Sciences, 11(21), 10295.
Tayachi, D., & Jendoubi, C. (2023). Optimising green vehicle routing problem-a real case study. European Journal of Industrial Engineering, 17(4), 570–596.
Toth, P., & Vigo, D. (2002). The vehicle routing problem, SIAM.
Wang, X. (2023). Analysis of the theory and traffic scheduling for transit network by genetic algorithm-based optimization technique. Tehnički Vjesnik, 30(6), 1935–1942.
Wang, X., Liu, Z., & Li, X. (2023). Optimal delivery route planning for a fleet of heterogeneous drones: A rescheduling-based genetic algorithm approach. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 179, 109179.
Whitley, D. (1994). A genetic algorithm tutorial. Statistics and Computing, 4, 65–85.
Wu, Y., & Lu, X. (2022). Capacitated vehicle routing problem on line with unsplittable demands. Journal of Combinatorial Optimization, 44(3), 1953–1963.
Yao, J., & Xu, J. (2022). English text analysis system based on genetic algorithm. Mobile Information Systems, 2022, 9382890.
Yasmeen, U., Khan, M. A., Tariq, U., Khan, J. A., Yar, M. A. E., Hanif, C. A., Mey, S., & Nam, Y. (2021). Citrus diseases recognition using deep improved genetic algorithm. Computers, Materials & Continua, 71, 3667–3684.
Zagan, R., Paprocka, I., Manea, M.-G., & Manea, E. (2021). Estimation of ship repair time using the genetic algorithm. Polish Maritime Research, 28(3), 88–99.
Zhang, H., Ge, H., Yang, J., & Tong, Y. (2022). Review of vehicle routing problems: Models, classification and solving algorithms. Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering, 29, 195–221.
Zhao, P., Dai, M., Han, X., Xu, C., & Du, C. (2023). Model and algorithm for the skill capacitated VRP with time windows in airports. International Journal of Simulation Modelling, 22(1), 133–144.
Zhou, Y., Huang, J., Shi, J., Wang, R., & Huang, K. (2021). The electric vehicle routing problem with partial recharge and vehicle recycling. Complex & Intelligent Systems, 7, 1445–1458.
Zhu, J. (2022). Solving capacitated vehicle routing problem by an improved genetic algorithm with fuzzy c-means clustering. Scientific Programming, 2022, 8514660.
Ahmed, Z. H., Al-Otaibi, N., Al-Tameem, A., & Saudagar, A. K. J. (2023). Genetic crossover operators for the capacitated vehicle routing problem. Computers, Materials & Continua, 74, 1575–1605.
Akin Bas, S., & Ahlatcioglu Ozkok, B. (2023). Green vehicle routing model via linear fractional programming: a retail case study for Marmara region, Türkiye. International Journal of Industrial Engineering: Theory, Applications and Practice, 30(4), 933–940.
Alesiani, F., Ermis, G., & Gkiotsalitis, K. (2022). Constrained clustering for the capacitated vehicle routing problem (cc-cvrp). Applied Artificial Intelligence, 36(1), 1995658.
Ansari, S., & Alnajjar, K. A. (2023). Multi-hop genetic-algorithm-optimized routing technique in diffusion-based molecular communication. IEEE Access, 11, 22689–22704.
Baker, B. M., & Ayechew, M. A. (2003). A genetic algorithm for the vehicle routing problem. Computers & Operations Research, 30(5), 787–800.
Bǎrbulescu, A., Şerban, C., & Caramihai, S. (2021). Assessing the soil pollution using a genetic algorithm. Romanian Journal of Physics, 66, 806.
Caccetta, L., & Hill, S. (2001). Branch and cut methods for network optimization. Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 33(4-5), 517–532.
Cai, Y., Lin, Z., Cheng, M., Liu, P., & Zhou, Y. (2024). Solving multi-objective vehicle routing problems with time windows: A decomposition-based multiform optimization approach. Tsinghua Science and Technology, 29(2), 305–324.
Chen, L., Chen, Y., & Langevin, A. (2021a). An inverse optimization approach for a capacitated vehicle routing problem. European Journal of Operational Research, 295(3), 1087–1098.
Chen, S.-M., Zhang, J.-H. (2021b). Genetic algorithm in data mining of colorectal images. Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine, 2021, 1087–1098.
Chu, P. C., & Beasley, J. E. (1997). A genetic algorithm for the generalised assignment problem. Computers & Operations Research, 24(1), 17–23.
Clarke, G., & Wright, J. W. (1964). Scheduling of vehicles from a central depot to a number of delivery points. Operations Research, 12(4), 568–581.
Comert, S. E., & Yazgan, H. R. (2021). Effective cluster-first route-second approaches using metaheuristic algorithms for the capacitated vehicle routing problem, International Journal of Industrial Engineering: Theory, Applications and Practice, 28(1), 14–38.
Damião, C. M., Silva, J. M. P., & Uchoa, E. (2023). A branch-cut-and-price algorithm for the cumulative capacitated vehicle routing problem. 4OR, 21, 47–71.
Dang, Y. (2022). Mobile education system based on genetic algorithm. Mobile Information Systems, 2022, 8549357.
Dantzig, G. B., & Ramser, J. H. (1959). The truck dispatching problem. Management Science, 6(1), 80–91.
Davis, L. (1985). Applying adaptive algorithms to epistatic domains. Proceedings of the 9th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Los Angeles California, United States.
Deb, K., Pratap, A., Agarwal, S., & Meyarivan, T. (2002). A fast and elitist multiobjective genetic algorithm: NSGA-II. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 6(2), 182–197.
Dubois, F., Renaud-Goud, P., & Stolf, P. (2022). Capacitated vehicle routing problem under deadlines: An application to flooding crisis. IEEE Access, 10, 45629–45642.
Endler, K. D., Scarpin, C. T., Steiner, M. T., & Choueiri, A. C. (2023). Systematic review of the latest scientific publications on the vehicle routing problem. Asia-Pacific Journal of Operational Research, 2250046.
Goldberg, D. E. (1989). Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization, and Machine Learning, Addison-Wesley.
Goldberg, D. E., & Lingle, R. (1985). Alleles, loci, and the traveling salesman problem, Proceedings of the First International Conference on Genetic Algorithms, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, United States.
Golden, B., Oden, E., & Raghavan, S. (2023). The rendezvous vehicle routing problem. Optimization Letters, 17(8), 1711–1738.
Gümüş, T. E., Aksoy Tırmıkçı, C., Yavuz, C., Yalçın, M. A., & Turan, M. (2021). Power loss minimization for distribution networks with load tap changing using genetic algorithm and environmental impact analysis. Tehnički Vjesnik, 28(6), 1927–1935.
Holland, J. H. (1975). Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems: An Introductory Analysis with Applications to Biology, Control, and Artificial Intelligence, University of Michigan press.
Horng, S., & Yenradee, P. (2023). Delivery service management system using Google Maps for SMEs in emerging countries. Computers, Materials & Continua, 75(3), 6119–6143.
Hvattum, L. M. (2022). Adjusting the order crossover operator for capacitated vehicle routing problems. Computers & Operations Research, 148, 105986.
Karakatič, S. (2021). Optimizing nonlinear charging times of electric vehicle routing with genetic algorithm. Expert Systems with Applications, 164, 114039.
Karambasti, B. M., Naghashzadegan, M., Ghodrat, M., Ghorbani, G., Simorangkir, R. B., & Lalbakhsh, A. (2022). Optimal solar greenhouses design using multiobjective genetic algorithm. IEEE Access, 10, 73728–73742.
Karels, V. C., Rei, W., Veelenturf, L. P., & Van Woensel, T. (2024). A vehicle routing problem with multiple service agreements. European Journal of Operational Research, 313(1), 129–145.
Kargupta, H., Deb, K., & Goldberg, D. E. (1992). Ordering genetic algorithms and deception. Parallel Problem Solving from Nature, 2, 49–58.
Katoch, S., Chauhan, S. S., & Kumar, V. (2021). A review on genetic algorithm: past, present, and future. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 80, 8091–8126.
Kramer, O. (2017). Genetic Algorithms Essentials, Springer.
Krishna, P. S., & Rao, P. G. K. (2024). Fractional-order PID controller for blood pressure regulation using genetic algorithm. Biomedical Signal Processing and Control, 88, 105564.
Laporte, G. (1992). The vehicle routing problem: An overview of exact and approximate algorithms. European Journal of Operational Research, 59(3), 345–358.
Laporte, G., Mercure, H., & Nobert, Y. (1986). An exact algorithm for the asymmetrical capacitated vehicle routing problem. Networks, 16(1), 33–46.
Lera-Romero, G., Bront, J. J. M., & Soulignac, F. J. (2024). A branch-cut-and-price algorithm for the time-dependent electric vehicle routing problem with time windows. European Journal of Operational Research, 312(3), 978–995.
Lesch, V., König, M., Kounev, S., Stein, A., & Krupitzer, C. (2022). Tackling the rich vehicle routing problem with nature- inspired algorithms. Applied Intelligence, 52(8), 9476–9500.
Lopez-Rincon, O., Starostenko, O., & Lopez-Rincon, A. (2022). Algorithmic music generation by harmony recombination with genetic algorithm. Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, 42(5), 4411–4423.
Luo, T., Sun, J., Zhang, G., Li, Z., & Li, C. (2023). Analysis of influencing factors of green building energy consumption based on genetic algorithm. Tehnički Vjesnik, 30(5), 1486–1495.
Ma, B., Hu, D., Chen, X., Wang, Y., & Wu, X. (2021). The vehicle routing problem with speed optimization for shared autonomous electric vehicles service. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 161, 107614.
Mahlous, A. R., & Mahlous, H. (2023). Student timetabling genetic algorithm accounting for student preferences. PeerJ Computer Science, 9, e1200.
MazhariSefat, B., & Hosseini, S. (2023). Social network security using genetic algorithm. Evolving Systems, 14(2), 175–190.
Mitchell, M. (1998). An Introduction to Genetic Algorithms, MIT press.
Mrad, M., Bamatraf, K., Alkahtani, M., & Hidri, L. (2023). A genetic algorithm for the integrated warehouse location, allocation and vehicle routing problem in a pooled transportation system. International Journal of Industrial Engineering: Theory, Applications and Practice, 30(3), 852–875.
Mühlenbein, H., Schomisch, M., & Born, J. (1991). The parallel genetic algorithm as function optimizer. Parallel Computing, 17(6-7), 619–632.
Ni, Q., & Tang, Y. (2023). A bibliometric visualized analysis and classification of vehicle routing problem research. Sustainability, 15(9), 7394.
Oliver, I., Smith, D. J., & Holland, J. R. (1987). Study of permutation crossover operators on the traveling salesman problem, Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Genetic Algorithms on Genetic algorithms and their application, Cambridge Massachusetts, United States.
Osyczka, A., & Kundu, S. (1995). A new method to solve generalized multicriteria optimization problems using the simple genetic algorithm. Structural Optimization, 10, 94–99.
Ozcetin, E., Ozturk, G., Ozturk, Z. K., Kasimbeyli, R., & Kasimbeyli, N. (2023). A decision support system for consolidated distribution of a ceramic sanitary ware company. Expert Systems with Applications, 213, 118785.
Prins, C. (2004). A simple and effective evolutionary algorithm for the vehicle routing problem. Computers & Operations Research, 31(12), 1985–2002.
Ragab, M., Altalbe, A., Al-Malaise ALGhamdi, A. S., Abdel-khalek, S., & Saeed, R. A. (2022). A drones optimal path planning based on swarm intelligence algorithms. Computers, Materials & Continua, 72(1), 365–380.
Sajid, M., Singh, J., Haidri, R. A., Prasad, M., Varadarajan, V., Kotecha, K., & Garg, D. (2021). A novel algorithm for capacitated vehicle routing problem for smart cities. Symmetry, 13(10), 1923.
Sathya, M., Jeyaselvi, M., Joshi, S., Pandey, E., Pareek, P. K., Jamal, S. S., Kumar, V., & Atiglah, H. K. (2022). Cancer categorization using genetic algorithm to identify biomarker genes. Journal of Healthcare Engineering, 2022, 5821938.
Savelsbergh, M. W., & Sol, M. (1995). The general pickup and delivery problem. Transportation Science, 29(1), 17–29.
Sbai, I., Krichen, S., & Limam, O. (2022). Two meta-heuristics for solving the capacitated vehicle routing problem: the case of the Tunisian Post Office. Operational Research, 22, 507–549.
Sivanandam, S., & Deepa, S. (2008). Introduction to Genetic Algorithms, Springer.
Souza, I. P., Boeres, M. C. S., & Moraes, R. E. N. (2023). A robust algorithm based on differential evolution with local search for the capacitated vehicle routing problem. Swarm and Evolutionary Computation, 77, 101245.
Tan, S.-Y., & Yeh, W.-C. (2021). The vehicle routing problem: State-of-the-art classification and review. Applied Sciences, 11(21), 10295.
Tayachi, D., & Jendoubi, C. (2023). Optimising green vehicle routing problem-a real case study. European Journal of Industrial Engineering, 17(4), 570–596.
Toth, P., & Vigo, D. (2002). The vehicle routing problem, SIAM.
Wang, X. (2023). Analysis of the theory and traffic scheduling for transit network by genetic algorithm-based optimization technique. Tehnički Vjesnik, 30(6), 1935–1942.
Wang, X., Liu, Z., & Li, X. (2023). Optimal delivery route planning for a fleet of heterogeneous drones: A rescheduling-based genetic algorithm approach. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 179, 109179.
Whitley, D. (1994). A genetic algorithm tutorial. Statistics and Computing, 4, 65–85.
Wu, Y., & Lu, X. (2022). Capacitated vehicle routing problem on line with unsplittable demands. Journal of Combinatorial Optimization, 44(3), 1953–1963.
Yao, J., & Xu, J. (2022). English text analysis system based on genetic algorithm. Mobile Information Systems, 2022, 9382890.
Yasmeen, U., Khan, M. A., Tariq, U., Khan, J. A., Yar, M. A. E., Hanif, C. A., Mey, S., & Nam, Y. (2021). Citrus diseases recognition using deep improved genetic algorithm. Computers, Materials & Continua, 71, 3667–3684.
Zagan, R., Paprocka, I., Manea, M.-G., & Manea, E. (2021). Estimation of ship repair time using the genetic algorithm. Polish Maritime Research, 28(3), 88–99.
Zhang, H., Ge, H., Yang, J., & Tong, Y. (2022). Review of vehicle routing problems: Models, classification and solving algorithms. Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering, 29, 195–221.
Zhao, P., Dai, M., Han, X., Xu, C., & Du, C. (2023). Model and algorithm for the skill capacitated VRP with time windows in airports. International Journal of Simulation Modelling, 22(1), 133–144.
Zhou, Y., Huang, J., Shi, J., Wang, R., & Huang, K. (2021). The electric vehicle routing problem with partial recharge and vehicle recycling. Complex & Intelligent Systems, 7, 1445–1458.
Zhu, J. (2022). Solving capacitated vehicle routing problem by an improved genetic algorithm with fuzzy c-means clustering. Scientific Programming, 2022, 8514660.