The article highlights the consequences and transformational changes in labor markets and labor resources due to the spread of artificial intelligence. The purpose of the article is to empirically study the processes of interaction between artificial intelligence and national labor markets, as well as to develop methodological tools for quantifying the impact of AI technologies on labor market parameters. The research methodology is based on the envelope model (“input” orientation) to assess the level of transformation of labor resources and labor markets as a result of the spread of artificial intelligence for a sample of European Union countries. The study found a significant transformation of the employment structure under the influence of artificial intelligence, where the most vulnerable occupational groups are office workers, data entry operators, call center workers, accountants, and administrative staff with routine analytical and administrative tasks. The study identified countries that can optimally transform AI diffusion (the Netherlands, France, Portugal, Italy, and Malta) for the domestic labor market into results when the trend of economic development and the realization of human capital potential is formed. The obtained results confirmed the existence of reserves for optimizing the interaction of artificial intelligence with the labor market, with an emphasis on the need to adapt AI to the specifics of economic models of national economies.