This study aims to examine the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on customer loyalty in the Vietnamese textile industry, with a particular focus on the mediating role of customer satisfaction. By adopting Carroll's multidimensional CSR framework, the study seeks to clarify how different dimensions of CSR influence customers' evaluative and behavioral responses in a manufacturing context within an emerging economy. The study employs a quantitative, cross-sectional research design based on survey data collected from customers who had purchased textile products in Vietnam within the previous three months. A total of 161 valid responses were analyzed. CSR is conceptualized as a multidimensional construct comprising economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic responsibilities. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to assess the measurement and structural models and to test the proposed hypotheses. The findings reveal that all four dimensions of CSR have significant and positive effects on customer satisfaction, with legal responsibility exerting the strongest influence. Customer satisfaction, in turn, has a strong positive impact on customer loyalty, confirming its mediating role in the relationship between CSR and loyalty. The model explains 55.0% of the variance in customer satisfaction and 36.9% of the variance in customer loyalty, indicating satisfactory explanatory power. This study provides empirical evidence that CSR enhances customer loyalty primarily through improving customer satisfaction in the Vietnamese textile industry. By validating Carroll's CSR framework in a manufacturing context within an emerging economy, the findings contribute to the literature on CSR and consumer behavior. The results also highlight the strategic importance of legal compliance and responsible business practices in fostering customer satisfaction and building long-term customer loyalty.