Pesticide contamination in water sources poses a significant threat to environmental and human health, demanding effective and sustainable remediation strategies. Biochar, a carbonaceous material produced through the pyrolysis of biomass, has emerged as a promising adsorbent due to its high surface area, porosity, and functional surface groups. This comprehensive review examines recent advances in biochar-based technologies for the removal of pesticides from water systems. It discusses the mechanisms of adsorption, influences of feedstock type and pyrolysis conditions, and various modification techniques to enhance adsorption capacity. The review also evaluates the practical application of biochar in water treatment, highlighting environmental benefits such as resource recycling and carbon sequestration. Challenges and future perspectives including scalability, regeneration, and integration into existing treatment frameworks are addressed. Overall, biochar-based approaches offer a sustainable, cost-effective solution for mitigating pesticide pollution and improving water quality.