This article provides a detailed analysis of the fast fashion (FF) supply chain, focusing on emerging trends and significant challenges. It aims to define fast fashion, identify current supply chain trends, and clarify sustainability issues across environmental, social, and economic areas. Using a systematic literature review, the study examines relevant research published from 2020 to 2025, drawing from various electronic sources. The findings highlight key trends, including increased transparency and traceability enabled by technologies such as blockchain and RFID, sustainable sourcing practices, and greater digitalization and collaboration among stakeholders. However, it also underscores urgent environmental issues, such as water contamination and carbon emissions, as well as social concerns, like worker exploitation, and economic issues, such as overproduction. Technological challenges, such as infrastructure upgrades and resistance to change, are also addressed. The paper recommends that future research explore innovative business models, such as ultra-fast fashion, to better align with consumer preferences and address overproduction. While offering extensive insights into fast-fashion trends and sustainability issues, the study acknowledges some limitations in the scope of innovative business ideas. Practical implications underscore the importance of advanced technologies to improve supply chain transparency and reduce environmental impacts, advocating strategic shifts toward sustainable sourcing and circular-economy principles. Overall, this systematic review consolidates key data on the fast-fashion industry's supply chain, providing valuable insights for stakeholders seeking to adopt more sustainable and fairer practices.