Human resource is the core issue of socio-economic development all over the world and human resource practice can serve as a sustainable competitive advantage, which are considered central in the company's performance. In the field of telecommunications services, there exists a need for research on human resource management practices to lay the groundwork for improving the human resource management regime in enterprises, which has received great interest of both business executives and researchers. The current paper aims to assess the impact of human resource management practices on enterprises' competitive advantages and business per-formance for the case of Vietnam Post and Telecommunications Group enterprises. This study uses structural equation modeling with 117 parameters to be estimated when the total sample size is 773 observations. Research results show that: (1) Functional activities of human resource management, leading and encouraging changes, team and group activities, employee involvement, administrative activities are positively correlated with human resource management practices at Vietnam Post and Telecommunications Group enterprises. Moreover, the quality of human resources, human resource behavior, human resource management practices have a positive effect on the competitive advantage of human resources at Vietnam Post and Telecommunica-tions Group enterprises. Furthermore, human resource management practices are found to have a positive effect on the business performance of Vietnam Post and Telecommunications Group enterprises.