In this paper, we propose an empirical survey between two groups of people who work for two types of governmental organizations asking them whether they prefer to receive their salaries based on their personal characteristics such as job experience, educational background and job performance. The results of our experience indicate that the people who participated in our survey mostly believe that the payment must be performed based on their performance and those who could contribute more must be entitled more in terms of their salaries. The preliminary results of our survey indicate that the payment system must be based on the level of education; work experiences and ob performance. In addition, the people who participate in our survey mostly believe that a transparent policy in payment system helps employees increase their motivation.

Measuring the relative efficiency is one of the most important issues among hospitals in today & apos; s economy. These days, we hear that cost reduction is a necessity for survival of business owners and one primary to reduce the expenditures is to increase relative efficiency. The proposed study of this paper first uses output oriented data envelopment analysis (DEA) to measure the relative efficiencies of nine hospitals. The proposed model uses four types of employee namely specialists, physicians, technicians and other staffs as input parameters. The model also uses the number of surgeries, hospitalized and radiography as the outputs of the proposed model. Since the implementation of DEA leads us to have more than one single efficient unit, we implement supper efficiency technique to measure the relative efficiency of efficient units.

In the present study, the separate and simultaneous role of concentration and type of ownership on corporate value is investigated. In this study, the ownership structure is classi?ed into four classes: the institutional ownership, the corporate ownership, the management ownership and the foreign ownership. In addition, di?erent attitudes regarding the above ownership are also tested, that is, active monitoring hypothesis and interest convergence hypothesis. Since, in the sample research no information was found about foreign ownership, this type of ownership was not examined. However, in the case of the other ownerships, a separated hypothesis was developed based on various techniques and their in?uence on the corporate value was examined. For each hypothesis, a multiple linear regression model is de?ned based on the dependent variables. Companies listed in securities exchange commission of Iran makes up the statistical community of present study and the sample consists of 90 companies during 2002-2008. Two types of tests, including correlation test and cross multiple regression test are implemented to examine the hypothesis. Generally, the results reflect no signi?cant relationship between the concentration of ownership and the corporate value. The results of the study show that, while there is no relationship between the institutional ownership and management ownership and the corporate value, there is a signi?cant relationship between the corporate ownership and the corporate value.

Stock market prediction is one of the most important interesting areas of research in business. Stock markets prediction is normally assumed as tedious task since there are many factors influencing the market. The primary objective of this paper is to forecast trend closing price movement of Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE) using financial accounting ratios from year 2003 to year 2008. The proposed study of this paper uses two approaches namely Artificial Neural Networks and multi-layer perceptron. Independent variables are accounting ratios and dependent variable of stock price , so the latter was gathered for the industry of Motor Vehicles and Auto Parts. The results of this study show that neural networks models are useful tools in forecasting stock price movements in emerging markets but multi-layer perception provides better results in term of lowering error terms.