How to cite this paper
Kondo, T., Mutsvanga, S & Kanyekany, T. (2025). Gross domestic product, savings, investment and inflation, an ARDL approach and Toda-Yamamoto causality: Evidence from Zimbabwe.Accounting, 11(1), 19-30.
Refrences
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Barro, R. J. (1990). Government spending in a simple model of endogeneous growth. Journal of political economy, 98(5, Part 2), S103-S125.
Bonga, W. G., & Nyoni, T. (2017). An empirical analysis of the determinants of private investment in Zimbabwe. Dynamic Research Journals' Journal of Economics & Finance (DRJ-JEF), 2(4), 38-54.
Carroll, C. D., & Weil, D. N. (1994). Saving and growth: a reinterpretation. In Carnegie-Rochester conference series on public policy (Vol. 40, pp. 133-192). North-Holland.
Coban, O., & Yussıf, A. R. (2019). Relationships between economic growth, foreign direct investment and inflation ARDL models approach for the case of Ghana. Eurasian Research Journal, 1(2), 7-23.
Edeme, R. K., & Ifelunini, I. (2015). Savings, inflation and economic growth linkages: A re-examination with Nigeria data. Journal of investment and Management, 4(5), 180-185.
Enders, C. K., Du, H., & Keller, B. T. (2020). A model-based imputation procedure for multilevel regression models with random coefficients, interaction effects, and nonlinear terms. Psychological methods, 25(1), 88.
Galí, J., López-Salido, J. D., & Vallés, J. (2007). Understanding the effects of government spending on consumption. Journal of the European Economic Association, 5(1), 227-270.
Girma, G. E. T. N. E. T. (2017). Trends and determinants of gross domestic saving in Ethiopia. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 8(5), 72-81
Gujarati, D. N., & Porter, D.C. (2009). Basic econometrics. McGraw-Hill, 2009.
Gumus, S., Bellibas, M. S., Esen, M., & Gumus, E. (2018). A systematic review of studies on leadership models in educational research from 1980 to 2014. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 46(1), 25-48.
Harrod, R. F. (1939). An essay in dynamic theory. The economic journal, 49(193), 14-33.
Igbatayo, S., & Agbada, A. O. (2012). Inflation, savings and output in Nigeria: A VAR approach. Journal of emerging trends in economics and management sciences, 3(5), 447-453.
Kalebe, K. M. (2015). Government Expenditure-Growth Nexus: Evidence from Namibia. Hypothesis, 6(9).
Koehler, A. B., & Murphree, E. S. (1988). A comparison of the Akaike and Schwarz criteria for selecting model order. Journal of the royal statistical society: Series C (applied statistics), 37(2), 187-195.
Lewis, W. (1955). Politics in West Africa. New York: Oxford University Press, 1965.
Makochekanwa, A. (2020). The Impact of Regulations on Investment in Mobile Telephone Infrastructure in Southern African Development Community Countries. AERC.
Marovanidze, K. (2015). Graduate School of Management (Doctoral dissertation, University of Zimbabwe).
Muzvidziwa-Chilunjika, S., & Mutizwa, B. (2020). Unpacking the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Zimbabwes public sector. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences (JHASS), 2(3), 93-104.
Nagawa, V., Wasswa, F., & Bbaale, E. (2020). Determinants of gross domestic savings in Uganda: an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to cointegration. Journal of Economic Structures, 9, 1-19.
Nailufar, F., Ichsan, I., Sari, C. P. M., & Juliansyah, H. (2023). THE EFFECT OF GOVERNMENT SPENDING, DOMESTIC INVESTMENT AND FOREIGN DEBT ON GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT IN INDONESIA. Journal of Malikussaleh Public Economics, 6(1), 31-41.
Okafor, S., & Ugochukwu, H. (2021). Unclaimed dividend and market value of listed firms in Nigeria Stock Exchange. Available at SSRN 3993780.
Odhiambo, N. M. (2007). The determinants of savings in South Africa: an empirical investigation. African Finance Journal, 9(2), 37-52.
Perihan, O. Y. A. R., & Gulsen, C. A. N. (2014). The effects of disinfectant solutions on the viscoelastic properties of acrylic resins. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal, 17(3), 205-214.
Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of applied econometrics, 16(3), 289-326.
Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R. P. (1999). Pooled mean group estimation of dynamic heterogeneous panels. Journal of the American statistical Association, 94(446), 621-634.
Rujiravanich, N. (2015). The foreign portfolio investment flows, stock prices and exchange rate before and after the global financial crisis: a comparative study between Korea and Thailand.
Sahoo, N., Manchikanti, P., & Dey, S. (2010). Herbal drugs: standards and regulation. Fitoterapia, 81(6), 462-471.
Seshaiah, S. V., & Vuyyuri, S. (2005). Savings and Investment in India, 1970-2002: A Cointegration Approach. Applied Econometrics and International Development, 5(1).
Shrestha, M. B., & Bhatta, G. R. (2018). Selecting appropriate methodological framework for time series data analysis. The Journal of Finance and Data Science, 4(2), 71-89.
Solow, R. M. (1956). A contribution to the theory of economic growth. The quarterly journal of economics, 70(1), 65-94.
Sothan, S. (2014). Causal relationship between domestic saving and economic growth: Evidence from Cambodia. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 6(9), 213-220.
Soylu, S. K., Atmaca, İ., Asiltürk, M., & Doğan, A. (2019). Improving heat transfer performance of an automobile radiator using Cu and Ag doped TiO2 based nanofluids. Applied Thermal Engineering, 157, 113743.
Tobin, J. (1965). Money and economic growth. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 33(4), 671-684.
Toda, H. Y., & Yamamoto, T. (1995). Statistical inference in vector autoregressions with possibly integrated processes. Journal of econometrics, 66(1-2), 225-250.
Barro, R. J. (1990). Government spending in a simple model of endogeneous growth. Journal of political economy, 98(5, Part 2), S103-S125.
Bonga, W. G., & Nyoni, T. (2017). An empirical analysis of the determinants of private investment in Zimbabwe. Dynamic Research Journals' Journal of Economics & Finance (DRJ-JEF), 2(4), 38-54.
Carroll, C. D., & Weil, D. N. (1994). Saving and growth: a reinterpretation. In Carnegie-Rochester conference series on public policy (Vol. 40, pp. 133-192). North-Holland.
Coban, O., & Yussıf, A. R. (2019). Relationships between economic growth, foreign direct investment and inflation ARDL models approach for the case of Ghana. Eurasian Research Journal, 1(2), 7-23.
Edeme, R. K., & Ifelunini, I. (2015). Savings, inflation and economic growth linkages: A re-examination with Nigeria data. Journal of investment and Management, 4(5), 180-185.
Enders, C. K., Du, H., & Keller, B. T. (2020). A model-based imputation procedure for multilevel regression models with random coefficients, interaction effects, and nonlinear terms. Psychological methods, 25(1), 88.
Galí, J., López-Salido, J. D., & Vallés, J. (2007). Understanding the effects of government spending on consumption. Journal of the European Economic Association, 5(1), 227-270.
Girma, G. E. T. N. E. T. (2017). Trends and determinants of gross domestic saving in Ethiopia. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, 8(5), 72-81
Gujarati, D. N., & Porter, D.C. (2009). Basic econometrics. McGraw-Hill, 2009.
Gumus, S., Bellibas, M. S., Esen, M., & Gumus, E. (2018). A systematic review of studies on leadership models in educational research from 1980 to 2014. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 46(1), 25-48.
Harrod, R. F. (1939). An essay in dynamic theory. The economic journal, 49(193), 14-33.
Igbatayo, S., & Agbada, A. O. (2012). Inflation, savings and output in Nigeria: A VAR approach. Journal of emerging trends in economics and management sciences, 3(5), 447-453.
Kalebe, K. M. (2015). Government Expenditure-Growth Nexus: Evidence from Namibia. Hypothesis, 6(9).
Koehler, A. B., & Murphree, E. S. (1988). A comparison of the Akaike and Schwarz criteria for selecting model order. Journal of the royal statistical society: Series C (applied statistics), 37(2), 187-195.
Lewis, W. (1955). Politics in West Africa. New York: Oxford University Press, 1965.
Makochekanwa, A. (2020). The Impact of Regulations on Investment in Mobile Telephone Infrastructure in Southern African Development Community Countries. AERC.
Marovanidze, K. (2015). Graduate School of Management (Doctoral dissertation, University of Zimbabwe).
Muzvidziwa-Chilunjika, S., & Mutizwa, B. (2020). Unpacking the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Zimbabwes public sector. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences (JHASS), 2(3), 93-104.
Nagawa, V., Wasswa, F., & Bbaale, E. (2020). Determinants of gross domestic savings in Uganda: an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to cointegration. Journal of Economic Structures, 9, 1-19.
Nailufar, F., Ichsan, I., Sari, C. P. M., & Juliansyah, H. (2023). THE EFFECT OF GOVERNMENT SPENDING, DOMESTIC INVESTMENT AND FOREIGN DEBT ON GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT IN INDONESIA. Journal of Malikussaleh Public Economics, 6(1), 31-41.
Okafor, S., & Ugochukwu, H. (2021). Unclaimed dividend and market value of listed firms in Nigeria Stock Exchange. Available at SSRN 3993780.
Odhiambo, N. M. (2007). The determinants of savings in South Africa: an empirical investigation. African Finance Journal, 9(2), 37-52.
Perihan, O. Y. A. R., & Gulsen, C. A. N. (2014). The effects of disinfectant solutions on the viscoelastic properties of acrylic resins. Cumhuriyet Dental Journal, 17(3), 205-214.
Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of applied econometrics, 16(3), 289-326.
Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R. P. (1999). Pooled mean group estimation of dynamic heterogeneous panels. Journal of the American statistical Association, 94(446), 621-634.
Rujiravanich, N. (2015). The foreign portfolio investment flows, stock prices and exchange rate before and after the global financial crisis: a comparative study between Korea and Thailand.
Sahoo, N., Manchikanti, P., & Dey, S. (2010). Herbal drugs: standards and regulation. Fitoterapia, 81(6), 462-471.
Seshaiah, S. V., & Vuyyuri, S. (2005). Savings and Investment in India, 1970-2002: A Cointegration Approach. Applied Econometrics and International Development, 5(1).
Shrestha, M. B., & Bhatta, G. R. (2018). Selecting appropriate methodological framework for time series data analysis. The Journal of Finance and Data Science, 4(2), 71-89.
Solow, R. M. (1956). A contribution to the theory of economic growth. The quarterly journal of economics, 70(1), 65-94.
Sothan, S. (2014). Causal relationship between domestic saving and economic growth: Evidence from Cambodia. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 6(9), 213-220.
Soylu, S. K., Atmaca, İ., Asiltürk, M., & Doğan, A. (2019). Improving heat transfer performance of an automobile radiator using Cu and Ag doped TiO2 based nanofluids. Applied Thermal Engineering, 157, 113743.
Tobin, J. (1965). Money and economic growth. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 33(4), 671-684.
Toda, H. Y., & Yamamoto, T. (1995). Statistical inference in vector autoregressions with possibly integrated processes. Journal of econometrics, 66(1-2), 225-250.